Chapter聽13.聽SQL Statement Syntax - MySQL 5.1参考手册中文版

ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [db_name]
    alter_specification [, alter_specification] ...

alter_specification:
    [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name
  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name

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ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE tbl_name
    alter_specification [, alter_specification] ...

alter_specification:
    ADD [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ]
  | ADD [COLUMN] (column_definition,...)
  | ADD INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
        PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
        UNIQUE [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | ADD [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
  | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
        FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
        [reference_definition]
  | ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT}
  | CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name column_definition
        [FIRST|AFTER col_name]
  | MODIFY [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name]
  | DROP [COLUMN] col_name
  | DROP PRIMARY KEY
  | DROP INDEX index_name
  | DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol
  | DISABLE KEYS
  | ENABLE KEYS
  | RENAME [TO] new_tbl_name
  | ORDER BY col_name
  | CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]
  | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]
  | DISCARD TABLESPACE
  | IMPORT TABLESPACE
  | table_options
  | partition_options
  | ADD PARTITION partition_definition
  | DROP PARTITION partition_names
  | COALESCE PARTITION number
  | REORGANIZE PARTITION partition_names INTO (partition_definitions)
  | ANALYZE PARTITION partition_names
  | CHECK PARTITION partition_names
  | OPTIMIZE PARTITION partition_names
  | REBUILD PARTITION partition_names
  | REPAIR PARTITION partition_names

ALTER TABLE鐢ㄤ簬鏇存敼鍘熸湁琛ㄧ殑缁撴瀯銆備緥濡傦紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ�炲姞鎴栧垹鍑忓垪锛屽垱寤烘垨鍙栨秷绱㈠紩锛屾洿鏀瑰師鏈夊垪鐨勭被鍨嬶紝鎴栭噸鏂板懡鍚嶅垪鎴栬〃銆傛偍杩樺彲浠ユ洿鏀硅〃鐨勮瘎娉ㄥ拰琛ㄧ殑绫诲瀷銆�

鍏佽�歌繘琛岀殑鍙樻洿涓�锛岃�稿�氬瓙鍙ョ殑璇�娉曚��CREATE TABLE涓�鐨勫瓙鍙ョ殑璇�娉曠浉杩戙�傚叾涓�鍖呮��table_options淇�鏀癸紝閫夐」鏈�ENGINE, AUTO_INCREMENT鍜�AVG_ROW_LENGTH绛夈�傝�疯��13.1.5鑺傦紝鈥淐REATE TABLE璇�娉曗��銆�

瀛樺偍寮曟搸涓嶆敮鎸佹湁浜涙搷浣滐紝濡傛灉杩涜�岃繖浜涙搷浣滐紝浼氬嚭鐜拌�﹀憡銆備娇鐢�SHOW WARNINGS鍙�浠ユ樉绀哄嚭杩欎簺璀﹀憡銆傝�峰弬瑙�13.5.4.22鑺傦紝鈥淪HOW WARNINGS璇�娉曗��銆�

濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�ALTER TABLE鏇存敼鍒楄�勭害锛屼絾鏄�DESCRIBE tbl_name鎻愮ず鎮ㄥ垪瑙勭害骞舵病鏈夋敼鍙橈紝鍒欏彲鑳芥槸鍥犱负MySQL蹇界暐浜嗘偍鎵�鍋氱殑鏇存敼銆傚拷鐣ユ洿鏀圭殑鍘熷洜瑙�13.1.5.1鑺傦紝鈥滄矇瀵傜殑鍒楄�勬牸鍙樻洿鈥�銆備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉鎮ㄨ瘯鍥炬妸VARCHAR鍒楁洿鏀逛负CHAR鍒楋紝姝ゆ椂锛屽�傛灉琛ㄥ寘鍚�鍏跺畠闀垮害鍙�鍙樼殑鍒楋紝鍒�MySQL浠嶄細浣跨敤VARCHAR銆�

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娉ㄦ剰锛屽�傛灉鎮ㄥ湪鎵ц��ALTER TABLE鏃朵娇鐢ㄩ櫎浜�RENAME浠ュ�栫殑閫夐」锛屽垯MySQL浼氬垱寤轰竴涓�涓存椂琛ㄣ�傚嵆浣挎暟鎹�骞朵笉闇�瑕佽繘琛屽�嶅埗锛堜緥濡傚綋鎮ㄦ洿鏀瑰垪鐨勫悕绉版椂锛夛��MySQL涔熶細杩欎箞鎿嶄綔銆傚�逛��MyISAM琛�锛屾偍鍙�浠ラ�氳繃鎶�myisam_sort_buffer_size绯荤粺鍙橀噺璁剧疆鍒颁竴涓�杈冮珮鐨勫�硷紝鏉ュ姞蹇�閲嶆柊鍒涘缓绱㈠紩锛堣�ユ搷浣滄槸鍙樻洿杩囩▼涓�閫熷害鏈�鎱㈢殑涓�閮ㄥ垎锛夌殑閫熷害銆�

路         瑕佷娇鐢�ALTER TABLE锛屾偍闇�瑕佽幏寰楄〃鐨�ALTER, INSERT鍜�CREATE鏉冮檺銆�

路         IGNORE鏄�MySQL鐩稿�逛簬鏍囧��SQL鐨勬墿灞曘�傚�傛灉鍦ㄦ柊琛ㄤ腑鏈夐噸澶嶅叧閿�瀛楋紝鎴栬�呭綋STRICT妯″紡鍚�鍔ㄥ悗鍑虹幇璀﹀憡锛屽垯浣跨��IGNORE鎺у埗ALTER TABLE鐨勮繍琛屻�傚�傛灉娌℃湁鎸囧��IGNORE锛屽綋閲嶅�嶅叧閿�瀛楅敊璇�鍙戠敓鏃讹紝澶嶅埗鎿嶄綔琚�鏀惧純锛岃繑鍥炲墠涓�姝ラ�ゃ�傚�傛灉鎸囧畾浜�IGNORE锛屽垯瀵逛簬鏈夐噸澶嶅叧閿�瀛楃殑琛岋紝鍙�浣跨敤绗�涓�琛岋紝鍏跺畠鏈夊啿绐佺殑琛岃��鍒犻櫎銆傚苟涓旓紝瀵归敊璇�鍊艰繘琛屼慨姝ｏ紝浣夸箣灏介噺鎺ヨ繎姝ｇ‘鍊笺��

路         鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ湪涓�涓�ALTER TABLE璇�鍙ラ噷鍐欏叆澶氫��ADD, ALTER, DROP鍜�CHANGE瀛愬彞锛屼腑闂寸敤閫楀彿鍒嗗紑銆傝繖鏄�MySQL鐩稿�逛簬鏍囧��SQL鐨勬墿灞曘�傚湪鏍囧噯SQL涓�锛屾瘡涓�ALTER TABLE璇�鍙ヤ腑姣忎釜瀛愬彞鍙�鍏佽�镐娇鐢ㄤ竴娆°�備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄤ竴涓�璇�鍙ヤ腑鍙栨秷澶氫釜鍒楋細

路                mysql> ALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN c, DROP COLUMN d;

路         CHANGE col_name, DROP col_name鍜�DROP INDEX鏄�MySQL鐩稿�逛簬鏍囧��SQL鐨勬墿灞曘��

路         MODIFY鏄�Oracle瀵�ALTER TABLE鐨勬墿灞曘��

路         COLUMN鍙�鏄�鑷�閫夐」鐩�锛屽彲浠ュ拷鐣ャ��

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�ALTER TABLE tbl_name RENAME TO new_tbl_name骞朵笖娌℃湁鍏跺畠閫夐」锛屽垯MySQL鍙�瀵逛��table tbl_name鐩稿�瑰簲鐨勬枃浠惰繘琛岄噸鍛藉悕銆備笉闇�瑕佸垱寤轰竴涓�涓存椂琛ㄣ�傦紙鎮ㄤ篃鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢�RENAME TABLE璇�鍙ュ�硅〃杩涜�岄噸鍛藉悕銆傝�峰弬瑙�13.1.9鑺傦紝鈥淩ENAME TABLE璇�娉曗��銆傦級

路         column_definition瀛愬彞浣跨敤涓�CREATE TABLE涓�鐨�ADD鍜�CHANGE瀛愬彞鐩稿悓鐨勮��娉曘�傛敞鎰忥紝姝よ��娉曞寘鎷�鍒楀悕绉帮紝鑰屼笉鍙�鏄�鍒楃被鍨嬨�傝�峰弬瑙�13.1.5鑺傦紝鈥淐REATE TABLE璇�娉曗��銆�

路         鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢�CHANGE old_col_name column_definition瀛愬彞瀵瑰垪杩涜�岄噸鍛藉悕銆傞噸鍛藉悕鏃讹紝闇�缁欏畾鏃х殑鍜屾柊鐨勫垪鍚嶇О鍜屽垪褰撳墠鐨勭被鍨嬨�備緥濡傦細瑕佹妸涓�涓�INTEGER鍒楃殑鍚嶇О浠�a鍙樻洿鍒�b锛屾偍闇�瑕佸�備笅鎿嶄綔锛�

路                mysql> ALTER TABLE t1 CHANGE a b INTEGER;

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mysql> ALTER TABLE t1 CHANGE b b BIGINT NOT NULL;

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mysql> ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY b BIGINT NOT NULL;

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�CHANGE鎴�MODITY缂╃煭鍒楅暱鏃讹紝鍒椾腑瀛樺湪鏈夌储寮曪紝骞朵笖缂╃煭鍚庣殑鍒楅暱灏忎簬绱㈠紩闀垮害锛屽垯MySQL浼氳嚜鍔ㄧ缉鐭�绱㈠紩鐨勯暱搴︺��

路         褰撴偍浣跨敤CHANGE鎴�MODIFY鏇存敼鍒楃殑绫诲瀷鏃讹紝MySQL浼氬敖閲忔妸鍘熸湁鐨勫垪鍊艰浆鍖栦负鏂扮殑绫诲瀷銆�

路         鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢�FIRST鎴�AFTER col_name鍦ㄤ竴涓�琛ㄨ�屼腑鐨勬煇涓�鐗瑰畾浣嶇疆娣诲姞鍒椼�傞粯璁ゆ妸鍒楁坊鍔犲埌鏈�鍚庛�傛偍涔熷彲浠ュ湪CHANGE鎴�MODIFY璇�鍙ヤ腑浣跨��FIRST鍜�AFTER銆�

路         AFTER COLUMN鐢ㄤ簬鎸囧畾鍒楃殑鏂伴粯璁ゅ�硷紝鎴栧垹闄ゆ棫鐨勯粯璁ゅ�笺�傚�傛灉鏃х殑榛樿�ゅ�艰��鍒犻櫎鍚屾椂鍒楀�间负NULL锛屽垯鏂扮殑榛樿�ゅ�间负NULL銆傚�傛灉鍒楀�间笉鑳戒负NULL锛�MySQL浼氭寚瀹氫竴涓�榛樿�ゅ�硷紝璇峰弬瑙�13.1.5鑺傦紝鈥淐REATE TABLE璇�娉曗��銆�

路         DROP INDEX鐢ㄤ簬鍙栨秷绱㈠紩銆傝繖鏄�MySQL鐩稿�逛簬鏍囧��SQL鐨勬墿灞曘�傝�峰弬瑙�13.1.7鑺傦紝鈥淒ROP INDEX璇�娉曗��銆�

路         濡傛灉鍒椾粠琛ㄤ腑琚�鍙栨秷浜嗭紝鍒欒繖浜涘垪涔熶粠鐩稿簲鐨勭储寮曚腑琚�鍙栨秷銆傚�傛灉缁勬垚涓�涓�绱㈠紩鐨勬墍鏈夊垪鍧囪��鍙栨秷锛屽垯璇ョ储寮曚篃琚�鍙栨秷銆�

路         濡傛灉涓�涓�琛ㄥ彧鍖呭惈涓�鍒楋紝鍒欐�ゅ垪涓嶈兘琚�鍙栨秷銆傚�傛灉鎮ㄦ兂瑕佸彇娑堣〃锛屽簲浣跨��DROP TABLE銆�

路         DROP PRIMAY DEY鐢ㄤ簬鍙栨秷涓荤储寮曘�傛敞閲婏細鍦�MySQL杈冩棭鐨勭増鏈�涓�锛屽�傛灉娌℃湁涓荤储寮曪紝鍒�DROP PRIMARY KEY浼氬彇娑堣〃涓�鐨勭��涓�涓�UNIQUE绱㈠紩銆傚湪MySQL 5.1涓�涓嶄細鍑虹幇杩欑�嶆儏鍐点�傚�傛灉鍦�MySQL 5.1涓�瀵规病鏈変富閿�鐨勮〃浣跨敤DROP PRIMARY KEY锛屽垯浼氬嚭鐜伴敊璇�淇℃伅銆�

濡傛灉鎮ㄥ悜琛ㄤ腑娣诲姞UNIQUE KEY鎴�PRIMARY KEY锛屽垯UNIQUE KEY鎴�PRIMARY KEY浼氳��鍌ㄥ瓨鍦ㄩ潪鍞�涓�绱㈠紩涔嬪墠锛岃繖鏍�MySQL灏卞彲浠ュ敖鏃╁湴妫�鏌ュ嚭閲嶅�嶅叧閿�瀛椼��

路         ORDER BY鐢ㄤ簬鍦ㄥ垱寤烘柊琛ㄦ椂锛岃�╁悇琛屾寜涓�瀹氱殑椤哄簭鎺掑垪銆傛敞鎰忥紝鍦ㄦ彃鍏ュ拰鍒犻櫎鍚庯紝琛ㄤ笉浼氫粛淇濇寔姝ら『搴忋�傚綋鎮ㄧ煡閬撳�氭暟鎯呭喌涓嬫偍浼氭寜鐓х壒瀹氱殑椤哄簭鏌ヨ�㈠悇琛屾椂锛屽彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄨ繖涓�閫夐」锛涘湪瀵硅〃杩涜�屼簡澶х殑鏀瑰姩鍚庯紝閫氳繃浣跨敤姝ら�夐」锛屾偍鍙�浠ユ彁楂樻煡璇㈡晥鐜囥�傚湪鏈変簺鎯呭喌涓嬶紝濡傛灉琛ㄦ寜鍒楁帓搴忥紝瀵逛簬MySQL鏉ヨ�达紝鎺掑簭鍙�鑳戒細鏇寸畝鍗曘��

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄥ�逛竴涓�MyISAM琛ㄤ娇鐢�ALTER TABLE锛屽垯鎵�鏈夐潪鍞�涓�绱㈠紩浼氳��鍒涘缓鍒颁竴涓�鍗曠嫭鐨勬壒閲岋紙鍜�REPAIR TABLE鐩稿悓锛夈�傚綋鎮ㄦ湁璁稿�氱储寮曟椂锛岃繖鏍峰仛鍙�浠ヤ娇ALTER TABLE鐨勯�熷害鏇村揩銆�

杩欓」鍔熻兘鍙�浠ユ槑纭�婵�娲汇��ALTER TABLE...DISABLE KEYS璁�MySQL鍋滄�㈡洿鏂�MyISAM琛ㄤ腑鐨勯潪鍞�涓�绱㈠紩銆傜劧鍚庝娇鐢�ALTER TABLE ... ENABLE KEYS閲嶆柊鍒涘缓涓㈠け鐨勭储寮曘�傝繘琛屾�ゆ搷浣滄椂锛�MySQL閲囩敤涓�绉嶇壒娈婄殑绠楁硶锛屾瘮涓�涓�鎺ヤ竴涓�鍦版彃鍏ュ叧閿�瀛楄�佸揩寰堝�氥�傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄨ繘琛屾垚鎵规彃鍏ユ搷浣滃墠鍏堜娇鍏抽敭瀛楃�佺敤鍙�浠ュぇ澶у湴鍔犲揩閫熷害銆備娇鐢�ALTER TABLE ... DISABLE KEYS闄や簡闇�瑕佽幏寰椾互鍓嶆彁鍒扮殑鏉冮檺浠ュ�栵紝杩橀渶瑕佽幏寰�INDEX鏉冮檺銆�

路         Innodb瀛樺偍寮曟搸鏀�鎸�FOREIGN KEY鍜�REFERENCES瀛愬彞銆�Innodb瀛樺偍寮曟搸鎵ц��ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY (...) REFERENCES ... (...)銆傝�峰弬瑙�15.2.6.4鑺傦紝鈥淔OREIGN KEY绾︽潫鈥�銆傚�逛簬鍏跺畠瀛樺偍寮曟搸锛岃繖浜涘瓙鍙ヤ細琚�鍒嗘瀽锛屼絾鏄�浼氳��蹇界暐銆傚�逛簬鎵�鏈夌殑瀛樺偍寮曟搸锛�CHECK瀛愬彞浼氳��鍒嗘瀽锛屼絾鏄�浼氳��蹇界暐銆傝�峰弬瑙�13.1.5鑺傦紝鈥淐REATE TABLE璇�娉曗��銆傛帴鍙楄繖浜涘瓙鍙ヤ絾鍙堝拷鐣ュ瓙鍙ョ殑鍘熷洜鏄�涓轰簡鎻愰珮鍏煎�规�э紝浠ヤ究鏇村�规槗鍦颁粠鍏跺��SQL鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ腑瀵煎叆浠ｇ爜锛屽苟杩愯�屽簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忥紝鍒涘缓甯﹀弬鑰冩暟鎹�鐨勮〃銆傝�峰弬瑙�1.8.5鑺傦紝鈥淢ySQL涓庢爣鍑哠QL鐨勫樊鍒�鈥�銆�

路         InnoDB鏀�鎸佷娇鐢�ALTER TABLE鏉ュ彇娑堝�栭敭锛�

路                ALTER TABLE yourtablename DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol;

瑕佷簡瑙ｆ洿澶氫俊鎭�锛岃�峰弬瑙�15.2.6.4鑺傦紝鈥淔OREIGN KEY绾︽潫鈥�銆�

路         ALTER TABLE蹇界暐DATA DIRECTORY鍜�INDEX DIRECTORY琛ㄩ�夐」銆�

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄦ兂瑕佹妸琛ㄩ粯璁ょ殑瀛楃�﹂泦鍜屾墍鏈夊瓧绗﹀垪锛�CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT锛夋敼涓烘柊鐨勫瓧绗﹂泦锛屽簲浣跨敤濡備笅璇�鍙ワ��

路                ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name;

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ALTER TABLE t1 CHANGE c1 c1 BLOB;

ALTER TABLE t1 CHANGE c1 c1 TEXT CHARACTER SET utf8;

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濡傛灉鎮ㄦ寚瀹�CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET涓轰簩杩涘埗锛屽垯TEXT鍒楄��杞�鎹㈠埌鐩稿簲鐨勪簩杩涘埗瀛楃�︿覆绫诲瀷锛�BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB锛夈�傝繖鎰忓懗鐫�杩欎簺鍒楀皢涓嶅啀鏈夊瓧绗﹂泦锛屾帴涓嬫潵鐨�CONVERT TO鎿嶄綔涔熷皢涓嶉�傜敤浜庤繖浜涘垪銆�

瑕佷粎浠呮敼鍙樹竴涓�琛ㄧ殑榛樿�ゅ瓧绗﹂泦锛屽簲浣跨敤姝よ��鍙ワ細

ALTER TABLE tbl_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET charset_name;

璇嶈��DEFAULT涓鸿嚜閫夐」銆傚�傛灉鎮ㄥ湪鍚戣〃涓�娣诲姞涓�涓�鏂板垪鏃讹紙渚嬪�傦紝浣跨敤ALTER TABLE...ADD column锛夋病鏈夋寚瀹氬瓧绗﹂泦锛屽垯姝ゆ椂浣跨敤鐨勫瓧绗﹂泦涓洪粯璁ゅ瓧绗﹂泦銆�

璀﹀憡锛�ALTER TABLE...DEFAULT CHARACTER SET鍜�ALTER TABLE...CHARACTER SET鏄�绛変环鐨勶紝鍙�鐢ㄤ簬鏇存敼榛樿�ょ殑琛ㄥ瓧绗﹂泦銆�

路         濡傛灉InnoDB琛ㄥ湪鍒涘缓鏃讹紝浣跨敤浜�.ibd鏂囦欢涓�鐨勮嚜宸辩殑琛ㄧ┖闂达紝鍒欒繖鏍风殑鏂囦欢鍙�浠ヨ��鍒犻櫎鍜屽�煎叆銆備娇鐢ㄦ�よ��鍙ュ垹闄�.ibd鏂囦欢锛�

路                ALTER TABLE tbl_name DISCARD TABLESPACE;

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ALTER TABLE tbl_name IMPORT TABLESPACE;

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路         浣跨敤mysql_info() C API鍑芥暟锛屾偍鍙�浠ヤ簡瑙ｆ湁澶氬皯璁板綍宸茶��澶嶅埗锛屼互鍙婏紙褰撲娇鐢�IGNORE鏃讹級鏈夊�氬皯璁板綍鐢变簬閲嶅�嶅叧閿�瀛楃殑鍘熷洜宸茶��鍒犻櫎銆傝�峰弬瑙�25.2.3.34鑺傦紝鈥渕ysql_info()鈥�銆�

路         ALTER TABLE涔熷彲浠ョ敤浜庡�瑰甫鍒嗗尯鐨勮〃杩涜�岄噸鏂板垎鍖猴紝鍔熻兘鍖呮嫭娣诲姞銆佸彇娑堛�佸悎骞跺拰鎷嗗垎鍚勫垎鍖猴紝杩樺彲浠ョ敤浜庤繘琛屽垎鍖虹淮鎶ゃ��

瀵瑰甫鍒嗗尯鐨勮〃浣跨敤partition_options瀛愬彞鍜�ALTER TABLE鍙�浠ュ�硅〃杩涜�岄噸鏂板垎鍖猴紝浣跨敤鏃朵緷鎹�partition_options瀹氫箟鐨勫垎鍖烘柟娉曘�傛湰瀛愬彞浠�PARTITION BY涓哄紑澶达紝鐒跺悗浣跨敤涓庣敤浜�CREATE TABLE鐨�partition_options瀛愬彞涓�鏍风殑璇�娉曞拰瑙勫垯锛堣�佷簡瑙ｈ�︾粏淇℃伅锛岃�峰弬瑙�13.1.5鑺傦紝鈥淐REATE TABLE璇�娉曗��锛夈�傛敞閲婏細MySQL 5.1鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ洰鍓嶆帴鍙楁�よ��娉曪紝浣嗘槸涓嶅疄闄呮墽琛岋紱绛�MySQL 5.1寮�鍙戝嚭鏉ュ悗锛屽皢鎵ц�屾�よ��娉曘��

鐢ㄤ簬ALTER TABLE ADD PARTITION鐨�partition_definition瀛愬彞鏀�鎸佺敤浜�CREATE TABLE璇�鍙ョ��partition_definition瀛愬彞鐨勫悓鏍峰悕绉扮殑閫夐」銆傦紙瑕佷簡瑙ｈ��娉曞拰浠嬬粛锛岃�峰弬瑙�13.1.5鑺傦紝鈥淐REATE TABLE璇�娉曗��銆傦級渚嬪�傦紝鍋囪�炬偍鏈変竴涓�鎸夌収浠ヤ笅鏂瑰紡鍒涘缓鐨勫甫鍒嗗尯鐨勮〃锛�

CREATE TABLE t1 (

    id INT,

    year_col INT

)

PARTITION BY RANGE (year_col) (

    PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1991),

    PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),

    PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1999)

);    

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ALTER TABLE t1 ADD PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2002);

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DROP PARTITION鐢ㄤ簬鍙栨秷涓�涓�鎴栧�氫釜RANGE鎴�LIST鍒嗗尯銆傛�ゅ懡浠や笉鑳界敤浜�HASH鎴�KEY 鍒嗗尯锛涚敤浜庤繖涓や釜鍒嗗尯鏃讹紝搴斾娇鐢�COALESCE PARTITION锛堣�佸悗锛夈�傚�傛灉琚�鍙栨秷鐨勫垎鍖哄叾鍚嶇О鍒椾簬partition_names娓呭崟涓�锛屽垯鍌ㄥ瓨鍦ㄦ�ゅ垎鍖轰腑鐨勬暟鎹�涔熻��鍙栨秷銆備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉浠ュ墠宸插畾涔夌殑琛�t1锛屾偍鍙�浠ラ噰鐢ㄥ�備笅鏂规硶鍙栨秷鍚嶇О涓�p0鍜�p1鐨勫垎鍖猴細

ALTER TABLE DROP PARTITION p0, p1;

ADD PARTITION鍜�DROP PARTITION鐩�鍓嶄笉鏀�鎸�IF [NOT] EXISTS銆備篃涓嶅彲鑳藉�逛竴涓�鍒嗗尯鎴栦竴涓�宸插垎鍖虹殑琛ㄨ繘琛岄噸鍛藉悕銆傚�傛灉鎮ㄥ笇鏈涘�逛竴涓�鍒嗗尯杩涜�岄噸鍛藉悕锛屾偍蹇呴』鍙栨秷鍒嗗尯锛屽啀閲嶆柊寤虹珛锛涘�傛灉鎮ㄥ笇鏈涘�逛竴涓�宸插垎鍖虹殑琛ㄨ繘琛岄噸鏂板懡鍚嶏紝鎮ㄥ繀椤诲彇娑堟墍鏈夊垎鍖猴紝鐒跺悗瀵硅〃杩涜�岄噸鍛藉悕锛屽啀娣诲姞琚�鍙栨秷鐨勫垎鍖恒��

COALESCE PARTITION鍙�浠ョ敤浜庝娇鐢�HASH鎴�KEY杩涜�屽垎鍖虹殑琛�锛屼互渚夸娇鐢�number鏉ュ噺灏戝垎鍖虹殑鏁扮洰銆備緥濡傦紝鍋囪�炬偍浣跨敤涓嬪垪鏂规硶鍒涘缓浜嗚��t2锛�

CREATE TABLE t2 (

    name VARCHAR (30),

    started DATE

)

PARTITION BY HASH(YEAR(started))

PARTITIONS (6);

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ALTER TABLE t2 COALESCE PARTITION 2;

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濡傛灉瑕佹洿鏀归儴鍒嗗垎鍖猴紝浣嗕笉鏇存敼鎵�鏈夌殑鍒嗗尯锛屾偍鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢�REORGANIZE PARTITION銆傝繖涓�鍛戒护鏈夊�氱�嶄娇鐢ㄦ柟娉曪��

o        鎶婂�氫釜鍒嗗尯鍚堝苟涓轰竴涓�鍒嗗尯銆傞�氳繃鎶婂�氫釜鍒嗗尯鐨勫悕绉板垪鍏�partition_names娓呭崟锛屽苟涓�partition_definition鎻愪緵涓�涓�鍗曚竴鐨勫畾涔夛紝鍙�浠ュ疄鐜拌繖涓�鍔熻兘銆�

o        鎶婁竴涓�鍘熸湁鐨勫垎鍖烘媶鍒嗕负澶氫釜鍒嗗尯銆傞�氳繃涓�partition_names鍛藉悕涓�涓�鍒嗗尯锛屽苟鎻愪緵澶氫��partition_definitions锛屽彲浠ュ疄鐜拌繖涓�鍔熻兘銆�

o        鏇存敼浣跨敤VALUES LESS THAN瀹氫箟鐨勫垎鍖哄瓙闆嗙殑鑼冨洿鎴栨洿鏀逛娇鐢�VALUES IN瀹氫箟鐨勫垎鍖哄瓙闆嗙殑鍊兼竻鍗曘��

娉ㄩ噴锛氬�逛簬娌℃湁鏄庣‘鍛藉悕鐨勫垎鍖猴��MySQL浼氳嚜鍔ㄦ彁渚涢粯璁ゅ悕绉�p0, p1, p2绛夈��

瑕佷簡瑙ｆ湁鍏�ALTER TALBE...REORANIZE PARTITION鍛戒护鐨勮�︾粏淇℃伅锛岃�峰弬瑙�18.3鑺傦紝鈥滃垎鍖虹�＄悊鈥�銆�

路         澶氫釜闄勫姞瀛愬彞鐢ㄤ簬鎻愪緵鍒嗗尯缁存姢鍜屼慨琛ュ姛鑳姐�傝繖浜涘姛鑳戒笌鐢ㄤ簬闈炲垎鍖鸿〃鐨勫姛鑳界被浼笺�傝繖浜涘姛鑳界敱CHECK TABLE鍜�REPAIR TABLE绛夊懡浠わ紙杩欎簺鍛戒护涓嶆敮鎸佺敤浜庡垎鍖鸿〃锛夋墽琛屻�傝繖浜涘瓙鍙ュ寘鎷�ANALYZE PARTITION, CHECK PARTITION, OPTIMIZE PARTITION, REBUILD PARTITION鍜�REPAIR PARTITION.姣忎釜閫夐」鍧囦负涓�涓�partition_names瀛愬彞锛屽寘鎷�涓�涓�鎴栧�氫釜鍒嗗尯鍚嶇О銆傞渶瑕佹洿鏀圭殑琛ㄤ腑蹇呴』宸插瓨鍦ㄨ繖浜涘垎鍖恒�傚�氫釜鍒嗗尯鍚嶇О鐢ㄩ�楀彿鍒嗛殧銆傝�佷簡瑙ｆ洿澶氫俊鎭�锛屾垨瑕佷簡瑙ｄ妇渚嬭�存槑锛岃�峰弬瑙�18.3.3鑺傦紝鈥滃垎鍖虹淮鎶も��銆�

浠ヤ笅渚嬪瓙灞曠ず浜�ALTER TABLE鐨勪娇鐢ㄣ�傞�栧厛灞曠ず琛�t1銆傝〃t1閲囩敤濡備笅鏂规硶鍒涘缓锛�

mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (a INTEGER,b CHAR(10));

鎶婅〃t1閲嶆柊鍛藉悕涓�t2锛�

mysql> ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME t2;

鎶婂垪a浠�INTERGER鏇存敼涓�TINYINT NOT NULL锛堝悕绉颁繚鎸佷笉鍙橈級锛屽苟鎶婂垪b浠�CHAR(10)鏇存敼涓�CHAR(20)锛屽悓鏃舵妸鍒�b閲嶆柊鍛藉悕涓哄垪c锛�

mysql> ALTER TABLE t2 MODIFY a TINYINT NOT NULL, CHANGE b c CHAR(20);

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mysql> ALTER TABLE t2 ADD d TIMESTAMP;

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mysql> ALTER TABLE t2 ADD INDEX (d), ADD INDEX (a);

鍒犻櫎鍒�c锛�

mysql> ALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN c;

娣诲姞涓�涓�鏂扮��AUTO_INCREMENT鏁存暟鍒楋紝鍚嶇О涓�c锛�

mysql> ALTER TABLE t2 ADD c INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

    ->     ADD PRIMARY KEY (c);

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CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name

    [create_specification [, create_specification] ...]

create_specification:

    [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name

  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name

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CREATE [UNIQUE|FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] INDEX index_name

    [USING index_type]

    ON tbl_name (index_col_name,...)

index_col_name:

    col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]

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CREATE INDEX part_of_name ON customer (name(10));

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鍦�MySQL 5.1涓�锛�

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绀轰緥锛�

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CREATE INDEX id_index USING BTREE ON lookup (id);

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FULLTEXT绱㈠紩鍙�鑳藉��CHAR, VARCHAR鍜�TEXT鍒楃紪鍒剁储寮曪紝骞朵笖鍙�鑳藉��MyISAM琛ㄤ腑缂栧埗銆傝�峰弬瑙�12.7鑺傦紝鈥滃叏鏂囨悳绱㈠姛鑳解��銆�

SPATIAL绱㈠紩鍙�鑳藉�圭┖闂村垪缂栧埗绱㈠紩锛屽苟涓斿彧鑳藉湪MyISAM琛ㄤ腑缂栧埗銆傜┖闂村垪绫诲瀷鍦�绗�19绔狅細MySQL涓�鐨勭┖闂存墿灞�涓�杩涜�屼簡鎻忚堪銆�

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name

    [(create_definition,...)]

    [table_options] [select_statement]

鎴栵細

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name

    [(] LIKE old_tbl_name [)];

create_definition:

    column_definition

  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)

  | KEY [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)

  | INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)

  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX]

        [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)

  | [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [INDEX] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)

  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY

        [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [reference_definition]

  | CHECK (expr)

column_definition:

    col_name type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value]

        [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY]

        [COMMENT 'string'] [reference_definition]

type:

    TINYINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | SMALLINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | MEDIUMINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | INT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | INTEGER[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | BIGINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | REAL[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | DOUBLE[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | FLOAT[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | DECIMAL(length,decimals) [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | NUMERIC(length,decimals) [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

  | DATE

  | TIME

  | TIMESTAMP

  | DATETIME

  | CHAR(length) [BINARY | ASCII | UNICODE]

  | VARCHAR(length) [BINARY]

  | TINYBLOB

  | BLOB

  | MEDIUMBLOB

  | LONGBLOB

  | TINYTEXT [BINARY]

  | TEXT [BINARY]

  | MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY]

  | LONGTEXT [BINARY]

  | ENUM(value1,value2,value3,...)

  | SET(value1,value2,value3,...)

  | spatial_type

index_col_name:

    col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]

reference_definition:

    REFERENCES tbl_name [(index_col_name,...)]

               [MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE]

               [ON DELETE reference_option]

               [ON UPDATE reference_option]

reference_option:

    RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION

table_options: table_option [table_option] ...

table_option:

    {ENGINE|TYPE} = engine_name

  | AUTO_INCREMENT = value

  | AVG_ROW_LENGTH = value

  | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]

  | CHECKSUM = {0 | 1}

  | COMMENT = 'string'

  | CONNECTION = 'connect_string'

  | MAX_ROWS = value

  | MIN_ROWS = value

  | PACK_KEYS = {0 | 1 | DEFAULT}

  | PASSWORD = 'string'

  | DELAY_KEY_WRITE = {0 | 1}

  | ROW_FORMAT = {DEFAULT|DYNAMIC|FIXED|COMPRESSED|REDUNDANT|COMPACT}

  | UNION = (tbl_name[,tbl_name]...)

  | INSERT_METHOD = { NO | FIRST | LAST }

  | DATA DIRECTORY = 'absolute path to directory'

  | INDEX DIRECTORY = 'absolute path to directory'

partition_options:

    PARTITION BY

           [LINEAR] HASH(expr)

        |  [LINEAR] KEY(column_list)

        |  RANGE(expr)

        |  LIST(column_list)

    [PARTITIONS num]

    [  SUBPARTITION BY

           [LINEAR] HASH(expr)

         | [LINEAR] KEY(column_list)

      [SUBPARTITIONS(num)]  

    ]

    [(partition_definition), [(partition_definition)], ...]

partition_definition:

    PARTITION partition_name

        [VALUES { 

                  LESS THAN (expr) | MAXVALUE 

                | IN (value_list) }]

        [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine-name]

        [COMMENT [=] 'comment_text' ]

        [DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'data_dir']

        [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'index_dir']

        [MAX_ROWS [=] max_number_of_rows]

        [MIN_ROWS [=] min_number_of_rows]

        [TABLESPACE [=] (tablespace_name)]

        [NODEGROUP [=] node_group_id]

        [(subpartition_definition), [(subpartition_definition)], ...]

subpartition_definition:

    SUBPARTITION logical_name

        [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine-name]

        [COMMENT [=] 'comment_text' ]

        [DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'data_dir']

        [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'index_dir']

        [MAX_ROWS [=] max_number_of_rows]

        [MIN_ROWS [=] min_number_of_rows]

        [TABLESPACE [=] (tablespace_name)]

        [NODEGROUP [=] node_group_id]

select_statement:

    [IGNORE | REPLACE] [AS] SELECT ...   (Some legal select statement)

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CREATE TABLE test (blob_col BLOB, INDEX(blob_col(10)));

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路                row length = 1

路                             + (sum of column lengths)

路                             + (number of NULL columns + delete_flag + 7)/8

路                             + (number of variable-length columns)

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路         AUTO_INCREMENT

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路         AVG_ROW_LENGTH

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路         [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET

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瀵逛簬CHARACTER SET.

路         COLLATE

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路         CHECKSUM

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路         COMMENT

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路         CONNECTION

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路         MAX_ROWS

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路         MIN_ROWS

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路         PACK_KEYS

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路         PASSWORD

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路         RAID_TYPE

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路         UNION

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路         INSERT_METHOD

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路         DATA DIRECTORY, INDEX DIRECTORY

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路         瀵逛簬鐢�CREATE TABLE鍒涘缓鐨勮〃锛屽彲浠ヤ娇鐢�partition_options鎺у埗鍒嗗尯銆傚�傛灉浣跨敤浜�partition_options锛屽垯鍏朵腑蹇呴』鍖呭惈鑷冲皯涓�涓�PARTITION BY瀛愬彞銆傛湰瀛愬彞鍖呭惈鐢ㄤ簬纭�瀹氬垎鍖虹殑鍑芥暟锛涜�ュ嚱鏁颁細杩斿洖涓�涓�鏁村�硷紝鑼冨洿浠�1鍒�num銆傛�ゅ��num涓哄垎鍖虹殑鏁扮洰銆傛�ゅ嚱鏁颁腑鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢ㄧ殑閫夐」鏄剧ず鍦ㄤ笅闈㈢殑娓呭崟涓�銆� 瑕佺偣锛氬湪鏈�鑺傚紑濮嬫椂浠嬬粛鐨勭敤浜�partition_options鐨勮��娉曚腑鏄剧ず鐨勯�夐」锛屽苟涓嶆槸閮借兘鐢ㄤ簬鎵�鏈夊垎鍖虹被鍨嬨�傝�佷簡瑙ｅ悇绉嶇被鍨嬪叿浣撶殑淇℃�� 锛岃�峰弬瑙佷互涓嬪悇绫诲瀷鐨勬竻鍗曘�傝�佷簡瑙ｆ湁鍏冲��MySQL涓�鐨勫垎鍖虹殑鎿嶄綔鍜屼娇鐢ㄦ儏鍐电殑鍏ㄩ潰璇存槑锛屼互鍙婅�佷簡瑙ｈ〃鍒涘缓鐨勭ず渚嬪拰涓�MySQL鍒嗗尯鏈夊叧鐨勫叾瀹冨懡浠わ紝璇峰弬瑙�绗�18绔狅細鍒嗗尯銆�

o        HASH锛�expr锛夛細鐢ㄤ簬娣风紪涓�涓�鎴栧�氫釜鍒楋紝鍒涘缓涓�涓�鍏抽敭瀛楋紝鐢ㄤ簬鏀剧疆琛岋紝骞剁‘瀹氳�岀殑浣嶇疆銆�expr鏄�涓�涓�琛ㄨ揪寮忥紝浣跨敤涓�涓�鎴栧�氫釜琛ㄤ腑鐨勫垪銆傝�ヨ〃杈惧紡鍙�浠ユ槸浠讳綍鑳藉�熺敓鎴愬崟涓�鏁村�肩殑鍚堟硶鐨�MySQL琛ㄨ揪寮忥紙鍖呮嫭MySQL鍑芥暟锛夈�備緥濡傦紝杩欎簺閮芥槸鏈夋晥鐨�CREATE TABLE璇�鍙ワ紝璇�鍙ヤ腑浣跨敤浜�PARTITION BY HASH锛�

o                     CREATE TABLE t1 (col1 INT, col2 CHAR(5)) 

o                         PARTITION BY HASH(col1);

o                      

o                     CREATE TABLE t1 (col1 INT, col2 CHAR(5))

o                         PARTITION BY HASH( ORD(col2) );

o                      

o                     CREATE TABLE t1 (col1 INT, col2 CHAR(5), col3 DATETIME)

o                         PARTITION BY HASH ( YEAR(col3) );

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o                     CREATE TABLE tk (col1 INT, col2 CHAR(5), col3 DATE)

o                         PARTITION BY KEY(col3)

o                         PARTITIONS 4;

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CREATE TABLE tk (col1 INT, col2 CHAR(5), col3 DATE)

    PARTITION BY LINEAR KEY(col3)

    PARTITIONS 5;

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CREATE TABLE t1 (

    year_col INT, 

    some_data INT 

) 

PARTITION BY RANGE (year_col) (

    PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1991),

    PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),

    PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1999),

    PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2002),

    PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (2006),

    PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE

);

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CREATE TABLE client_firms (

    id INT,

    name VARCHAR(35)

)

PARTITION BY RANGE (id) (

    PARTITION r0 VALUES IN (1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21),

    PARTITION r1 VALUES IN (2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22),

    PARTITION r2 VALUES IN (3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23),

    PARTITION r3 VALUES IN (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24)

);

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o        鍒嗗尯鏁扮洰鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢�PARTITION num瀛愬彞锛岃嚜閫夎繘琛屾寚瀹氾紝姝ゅ�勶��num鏄�鍒嗗尯鐨勬暟鐩�銆傚�傛灉鏈�瀛愬彞鍜屽叾瀹�PARTITION瀛愬彞鍚屾椂浣跨敤锛屽垯num蹇呴』涓庝娇鐢�PARTITION瀛愬彞璇存槑鐨勫垎鍖虹殑鎬绘暟鐩哥瓑銆�

娉ㄩ噴锛氫笉璁烘偍鍦ㄥ垱寤轰竴涓�鐢�RANGE鎴�LIST杩涜�屽垎鍖虹殑琛ㄦ椂鏄�鍚︿娇鐢ㄤ簡PARTITIONS瀛愬彞锛屾偍蹇呴』鍦ㄨ〃瀹氫箟涓�鍖呮嫭鑷冲皯涓�涓�PARTITION VALUES锛堣�佸悗锛夈��

o        涓�涓�鍒嗗尯鍙�浠ヨ嚜閫夊垎闅旀垚澶氫釜瀛愬垎鍖恒�備娇鐢ㄨ嚜閫夌殑SUBPARTITION BY瀛愬彞鍙�浠ユ寚绀恒�傚瓙鍒嗗尯鍙�浠ョ��HASH鎴�KEY杩涜�屽垎闅斻�備袱绉嶆柟娉曞缓绔嬬殑瀛愬垎鍖哄潎涓�LINEAR銆傚垎闅斿瓙鍒嗗尯鏃剁殑鎿嶄綔鏂瑰紡涓庝互鍓嶆弿杩扮殑鍒嗗尯绫诲瀷鐨勬搷浣滄柟寮忎竴鏍枫�傦紙鏃犳硶鐢�LIST鎴�RANGE杩涜�屽瓙鍒嗗尯鍒嗛殧銆傦級

浣跨敤SUBPARTITIONS鍏抽敭璇嶏紝鍚庨潰鎺ヤ竴涓�鏁村�硷紝鍙�浠ュ�瑰瓙鍒嗗尯鐨勬暟鐩�杩涜�屾寚绀恒��

路         浣跨敤涓�涓�partition_definition瀛愬彞鍙�浠ュ�规瘡涓�鍒嗗尯鍒嗗埆杩涜�屽畾涔夈�備笅闈㈡槸缁勬垚杩欎釜瀛愬彞鐨勫悇涓�閮ㄥ垎锛�

o        PARTITION partition_name锛氱敤浜庝负鍒嗗尯鎸囧畾涓�涓�閫昏緫鍚嶇О銆�

o        VALUE瀛愬彞锛氬�逛簬鑼冨洿鍒嗗尯锛屾瘡涓�鍒嗗尯蹇呴』鍖呮嫭涓�涓�VALUES LESS THAN瀛愬彞锛涘�逛簬娓呭崟鍒嗗尯锛屾偍蹇呴』涓烘瘡涓�鍒嗗尯鎸囧畾涓�涓�VALUES IN瀛愬彞銆傛湰瀛愬彞鐢ㄤ簬纭�瀹氬摢浜涜�屽皢琚�瀛樺偍鍒版�ゅ垎鍖轰腑銆傝�佷簡瑙ｈ��娉曠ず渚嬶紝璇峰弬瑙�绗�18绔狅細鍒嗗尯涓�瀵瑰垎鍖虹被鍨嬬殑璁ㄨ�恒��

o        鑷�閫夌殑COMMENT瀛愬彞鍙�浠ョ敤浜庢弿杩板垎鍖恒�傛敞閲婂繀椤诲姞鍗曞紩鍙枫�備妇渚嬭�存槑锛�

o                     COMMENT = 'Data for the years previous to 1999'

o        DATA DIRECTORY鍜�INDEX DIRECTORY鍙�浠ヨ��鐢ㄤ簬鎸囩ず鏈�鍒嗗尯鐨勬暟鎹�鍜岀储寮曞悇鑷�鐨勫瓨鍌ㄤ綅缃�鐨勭洰褰曘��data_dir鍜�index_dir閮藉繀椤绘槸缁濆�圭郴缁熻矾寰勩�備緥濡傦細

o                     CREATE TABLE th (id INT, name VARCHAR(30), adate DATE)

o                     PARTITION BY LIST(YEAR(adate))

o                     (

o                         PARTITION p1999 VALUES IN (1995, 1999, 2003) DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/appdata/95/data' INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/appdata/95/idx',

o                         PARTITION p2000 VALUES IN (1996, 2000, 2004) DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/appdata/96/data' INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/appdata/96/idx',

o                         PARTITION p2001 VALUES IN (1997, 2001, 2005) DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/appdata/97/data' INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/appdata/97/idx',

o                         PARTITION p2000 VALUES IN (1998, 2002, 2006) DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/appdata/98/data' INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/appdata/98/idx'

);

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o        MAX_ROWS鍜�MIN_ROWS鍒嗗埆鐢ㄤ簬灏嗚��瀛樺偍鍦ㄥ垎鍖轰腑鐨勮�屾暟鐩�鏈�澶у�煎拰琛屾暟鐩�鏈�灏忓�笺��max_number_of_rows鍜�min_number_of_rows鐨勫��蹇呴』涓烘�ｆ暣鏁般�傚拰鍏锋湁鍚屾牱鍚嶇О鐨勬�岄潰閫夐」涓�鏍凤紝max_number_of_rows鍜�min_number_of_rows鍙�浣滀负瀵规湇鍔″櫒鐨勨�滃缓璁�鈥濆�硷紝骞朵笉鏄�纭�鎬ч檺鍊笺��

o        鑷�閫夌殑TABLESPACE瀛愬彞鍙�浠ョ敤浜庝负鍒嗗尯鎸囧畾涓�涓�妗岄潰绌洪棿銆備粎鐢ㄤ簬MySQL Cluster銆�

o        鑷�閫夌殑[STORAGE] ENGINE瀛愬彞鍙�浠ユ妸鏈�鍒嗗尯涓�琛ㄧ殑绫诲瀷鏀逛负鎸囧畾鐨勭被鍨嬨�傝〃鐨勭被鍨嬪彲浠ユ槸鏈�MySQL鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ敮鎸佺殑鎵�鏈夌被鍨嬨��STORAGE鍏抽敭瀛楀拰绛夊彿(=)鍧囦负鑷�閫夐」銆傚�傛灉娌℃湁浣跨敤姝ら�夐」璁剧疆鍒嗗尯瀛樺偍寮曟搸锛屽垯閫傜敤浜庢暣涓�琛ㄧ殑寮曟搸鍙�浠ョ敤浜庢�ゅ垎鍖恒��

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o        NODEGROUP閫夐」鍙�浠ョ敤浜庝娇鏈�鍒嗗尯鍙�浠ヤ綔涓鸿妭鐐圭粍鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛岃妭鐐圭粍浣跨敤node_group_id璇嗗埆銆傛湰閫夐」浠呴�傜敤浜�MySQL Cluster銆�

o        鍒嗗尯瀹氫箟鍙�浠ヨ嚜閫夊湴鍖呭惈涓�涓�鎴栧�氫釜subpartition_definition瀛愬彞銆傛瘡涓�杩欑�嶅瓙鍙ヨ嚦灏戝寘鎷�SUBPARTITION name锛屾�ゅ�勶紝name鏄�瀛愬垎鍖虹殑璇嗗埆鍚嶇О銆傞櫎浜嗙敤SUBPARTITION浠ｆ浛PARTITION鍏抽敭璇嶅�栵紝鐢ㄤ簬瀛愬垎鍖哄畾涔夌殑璇�娉曚笌鐢ㄤ簬鍒嗗尯瀹氫箟鐨勮��娉曚竴鏍枫��

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路         鍒嗗尯鍙�浠ヤ慨鏀广�佸悎骞躲�佹坊鍔犲埌琛ㄤ腑锛屾垨浠庤〃涓�鍒犲幓銆傝�佷簡瑙ｆ湁鍏冲畬鎴愯繖浜涗换鍔＄��MySQL鍛戒护鐨勫熀鏈�璇存槑锛岃�峰弬瑙�13.1.2鑺傦紝鈥淎LTER TABLE璇�娉曗��銆傝�佷簡瑙ｈ�︾粏鐨勮�存槑鍜岀ず渚嬶紝璇峰弬瑙�18.3鑺傦紝鈥滃垎鍖虹�＄悊鈥�銆�

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CREATE TABLE new_tbl SELECT * FROM orig_tbl;

MySQL浼氬��SELECT涓�鐨勬墍鏈夐」鍒涘缓鏂板垪銆備妇渚嬭�存槑锛�

mysql> CREATE TABLE test (a INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

    ->        PRIMARY KEY (a), KEY(b))

    ->        TYPE=MyISAM SELECT b,c FROM test2;

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mysql> SELECT * FROM foo;

+---+

| n |

+---+

| 1 |

+---+

mysql> CREATE TABLE bar (m INT) SELECT n FROM foo;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM bar;

+------+---+

| m    | n |

+------+---+

| NULL | 1 |

+------+---+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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CREATE TABLE artists_and_works

SELECT artist.name, COUNT(work.artist_id) AS number_of_works

FROM artist LEFT JOIN work ON artist.id = work.artist_id

GROUP BY artist.id;

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CREATE TABLE foo (a TINYINT NOT NULL) SELECT b+1 AS a FROM bar;

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CREATE TABLE new_tbl LIKE orig_tbl;

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DROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] db_name

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路         db.opt鏂囦欢

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鎮ㄨ繕鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢�mysqladmin鏉ュ彇娑堟枃浠躲�傝�峰弬瑙�8.5鑺傦紝鈥渕ysqladmin锛氱敤浜庣�＄悊MySQL鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑瀹㈡埛绔�鈥�銆�

DROP INDEX index_name ON tbl_name

DROP INDEX鐢ㄤ簬浠庤〃tbl_name涓�鍙栨秷鍚嶇О涓�index_name鐨勭储寮曘�傛湰璇�鍙ヨ��鏄犲皠鍒颁竴涓�ALTER TABLE璇�鍙ヤ腑锛岀敤浜庡彇娑堢储寮曘�傝�峰弬瑙�13.1.2鑺傦紝鈥淎LTER TABLE璇�娉曗��銆�

DROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS]

    tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...

    [RESTRICT | CASCADE]

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娉ㄦ剰锛屽�逛簬涓�涓�甯﹀垎鍖虹殑琛�锛�DROP TABLE浼氭案涔呮�у湴鍙栨秷琛ㄥ畾涔夛紝鍙栨秷鍚勫垎鍖猴紝骞跺彇娑堝偍瀛樺湪杩欎簺鍒嗗尯涓�鐨勬墍鏈夋暟鎹�銆�DROP TABLE杩樹細鍙栨秷涓庤��鍙栨秷鐨勮〃鏈夊叧鑱旂殑鍒嗗尯瀹氫箟锛�.par锛夋枃浠躲��

瀵逛笌涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑琛�锛屼娇鐢�IF EXISTS鐢ㄤ簬闃叉�㈤敊璇�鍙戠敓銆傚綋浣跨敤IF EXISTS鏃讹紝瀵逛簬姣忎釜涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑琛�锛屼細鐢熸垚涓�涓�NOTE銆傝�峰弬瑙�13.5.4.22鑺傦紝鈥淪HOW WARNINGS璇�娉曗��銆�

RESTRICT鍜�CASCADE鍙�浠ヤ娇鍒嗗尯鏇村�规槗銆傜洰鍓嶏紝RESTRICT鍜�CASCADE涓嶈捣浣滅敤銆�

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TEMPORARY鍏抽敭璇嶅叿鏈変互涓嬩綔鐢�锛�

路         璇�鍙ュ彧鍙栨��TEMPORARY琛ㄣ��

路         璇�鍙ヤ笉浼氱粓姝㈡�ｅ湪杩涜�屼腑鐨勪簨鍔°��

路         涓嶄細鏌ラ獙瀛樺彇鏉冦�傦紙TEMPORARY琛ㄤ粎瀵逛簬鍒涘缓璇ヨ〃鐨勫�㈡埛绔�鏄�鍙�瑙佺殑锛屾墍浠ユ煡楠屾槸涓嶅繀瑕佺殑銆傦級

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鍗曡〃璇�娉曪��

DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE] FROM tbl_name

    [WHERE where_definition]

    [ORDER BY ...]

    [LIMIT row_count]

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DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE]

    tbl_name[.*] [, tbl_name[.*] ...]

    FROM table_references

    [WHERE where_definition]

鎴栵細

DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE]

    FROM tbl_name[.*] [, tbl_name[.*] ...]

    USING table_references

    [WHERE where_definition]

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濡傛灉鎮ㄧ紪鍐欑殑DELETE璇�鍙ヤ腑娌℃��WHERE瀛愬彞锛屽垯鎵�鏈夌殑琛岄兘琚�鍒犻櫎銆傚綋鎮ㄤ笉鎯崇煡閬撹��鍒犻櫎鐨勮�岀殑鏁扮洰鏃讹紝鏈変竴涓�鏇村揩鐨勬柟娉曪紝鍗充娇鐢�TRUNCATE TABLE銆傝�峰弬瑙�13.2.9鑺傦紝鈥淭RUNCATE璇�娉曗��銆�

濡傛灉鎮ㄥ垹闄ょ殑琛屼腑鍖呮嫭鐢ㄤ簬AUTO_INCREMENT鍒楃殑鏈�澶у�硷紝鍒欒�ュ�艰��閲嶆柊鐢ㄤ簬BDB琛�锛屼絾鏄�涓嶄細琚�鐢ㄤ��MyISAM琛ㄦ垨InnoDB琛ㄣ�傚�傛灉鎮ㄥ��AUTOCOMMIT妯″紡涓嬩娇鐢�DELETE FROM tbl_name锛堜笉鍚�WHERE瀛愬彞锛夊垹闄よ〃涓�鐨勬墍鏈夎�岋紝鍒欏�逛簬鎵�鏈夌殑琛ㄧ被鍨嬶紙闄�InnoDB鍜�MyISAM澶栵級锛屽簭鍒楅噸鏂扮紪鎺掋�傚�逛��InnoDB琛�锛屾�ら」鎿嶄綔鏈変竴浜涗緥澶栵紝鍦�15.2.6.3鑺傦紝鈥淎UTO_INCREMENT鍒楀�備綍鍦↖nnoDB涓�杩愯�屸��涓�杩涜�屼簡璁ㄨ�恒��

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DELETE璇�鍙ユ敮鎸佷互涓嬩慨楗扮�︼細

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路         瀵逛簬MyISAM琛�锛屽�傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�QUICK鍏抽敭璇嶏紝鍒欏湪鍒犻櫎杩囩▼涓�锛屽瓨鍌ㄥ紩鎿庝笉浼氬悎骞剁储寮曠��缁撶偣锛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ュ姞蹇�閮ㄥ垎绉嶇被鐨勫垹闄ゆ搷浣滅殑閫熷害銆�

路         鍦ㄥ垹闄よ�岀殑杩囩▼涓�锛�IGNORE鍏抽敭璇嶄細浣�MySQL蹇界暐鎵�鏈夌殑閿欒��銆傦紙鍦ㄥ垎鏋愰樁娈甸亣鍒扮殑閿欒��浼氫互甯歌�勬柟寮忓�勭悊銆傦級鐢变簬浣跨敤鏈�閫夐」鑰岃��蹇界暐鐨勯敊璇�浼氫綔涓鸿�﹀憡杩斿洖銆�

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鍦�MyISAM琛ㄤ腑锛岃��鍒犻櫎鐨勮�板綍琚�淇濈暀鍦ㄤ竴涓�甯﹂摼鎺ョ殑娓呭崟涓�锛屽悗缁�鐨�INSERT鎿嶄綔浼氶噸鏂颁娇鐢ㄦ棫鐨勮�板綍浣嶇疆銆傝�侀噸鏂颁娇鐢ㄦ湭浣跨敤鐨勭┖闂村苟鍑忓皬鏂囦欢鐨勫昂瀵革紝鍒欎娇鐢�OPTIMIZE TABLE璇�鍙ユ��myisamchk搴旂敤绋嬪簭閲嶆柊缂栨帓琛ㄣ��OPTIMIZE TABLE鏇寸畝渚匡紝浣嗘槸myisamchk閫熷害鏇村揩銆傝�峰弬瑙�13.5.2.5鑺傦紝鈥淥PTIMIZE TABLE璇�娉曗��鍜�绗�7绔狅細浼樺寲銆�

QUICK淇�楗扮�︿細褰卞搷鍒板湪鍒犻櫎鎿嶄綔涓�绱㈠紩绔�缁撶偣鏄�鍚﹀悎骞躲�傚綋鐢ㄤ簬琚�鍒犻櫎鐨勮�岀殑绱㈠紩鍊艰��鏉ヨ嚜鍚庢彃鍏ョ殑琛岀殑鐩歌繎鐨勭储寮曞�间唬鏇挎椂锛�DELETE QUICK鏈�涓洪�傜敤銆傚湪姝ゆ儏鍐典笅锛岃��鍒犻櫎鐨勫�肩暀涓嬫潵鐨勭┖绌磋��閲嶆柊浣跨敤銆�

鏈�鍏呮弧鐨勭储寮曞潡璺ㄨ秺鏌愪竴涓�鑼冨洿鐨勭储寮曞�硷紝浼氬啀娆″彂鐢熸柊鐨勬彃鍏ャ�傚綋琚�鍒犻櫎鐨勫�煎�艰嚧鍑虹幇鏈�鍏呮弧鐨勭储寮曞潡鏃讹紝DELETE QUICK娌℃湁浣滅敤銆傚湪姝ゆ儏鍐典笅锛屼娇鐢�QUICK浼氬�艰嚧鏈�鍒╃敤鐨勭储寮曚腑鍑虹幇搴熷純绌洪棿銆備笅闈㈡槸姝ょ�嶆儏鍐电殑涓句緥璇存槑锛�

1.    鍒涘缓涓�涓�琛�锛岃〃涓�鍖呭惈宸茬紪绱㈠紩鐨�AUTO_INCREMENT鍒椼��

2.    鍦ㄨ〃涓�鎻掑叆寰堝�氳�板綍銆傛瘡娆℃彃鍏ヤ細浜х敓涓�涓�绱㈠紩鍊硷紝姝ょ储寮曞�艰��娣诲姞鍒扮储寮曠殑楂樼��澶勩��

3.    浣跨敤DELETE QUICK浠庡垪鐨勪綆绔�澶勫垹闄や竴缁勮�板綍銆�

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濡傛灉鎮ㄦ墦绠椾粠涓�涓�琛ㄤ腑鍒犻櫎璁稿�氳�岋紝浣跨��DELETE QUICK鍐嶅姞涓�OPTIMIZE TABLE鍙�浠ュ姞蹇�閫熷害銆傝繖鏍峰仛鍙�浠ラ噸鏂板缓绔嬬储寮曪紝鑰屼笉鏄�杩涜�屽ぇ閲忕殑绱㈠紩鍧楀悎骞舵搷浣溿��

鐢ㄤ簬DELETE鐨�MySQL鍞�涓�鐨�LIMIT row_count閫夐」鐢ㄤ簬鍛婄煡鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ湪鎺у埗鍛戒护琚�杩斿洖鍒板�㈡埛绔�鍓嶈��鍒犻櫎鐨勮�岀殑鏈�澶у�笺�傛湰閫夐」鐢ㄤ簬纭�淇濅竴涓�DELETE璇�鍙ヤ笉浼氬崰鐢ㄨ繃澶氱殑鏃堕棿銆傛偍鍙�浠ュ彧閲嶅��DELETE璇�鍙ワ紝鐩村埌鐩稿叧琛岀殑鏁扮洰灏戜��LIMIT鍊间负姝���

濡傛灉DELETE璇�鍙ュ寘鎷�涓�涓�ORDER BY瀛愬彞锛屽垯鍚勮�屾寜鐓у瓙鍙ヤ腑鎸囧畾鐨勯『搴忚繘琛屽垹闄ゃ�傛�ゅ瓙鍙ュ彧鍦ㄤ��LIMIT鑱旂敤鏄�鎵嶈捣浣滅敤銆備緥濡傦紝浠ヤ笅瀛愬彞鐢ㄤ簬鏌ユ壘涓�WHERE瀛愬彞瀵瑰簲鐨勮�岋紝浣跨��timestamp_column杩涜�屽垎绫伙紝骞跺垹闄ょ��涓�锛堟渶鏃х殑锛夎�岋��

DELETE FROM somelog

WHERE user = 'jcole'

ORDER BY timestamp_column

LIMIT 1;

鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ湪涓�涓�DELETE璇�鍙ヤ腑鎸囧畾澶氫釜琛�锛屾牴鎹�澶氫釜琛ㄤ腑鐨勭壒瀹氭潯浠讹紝浠庝竴涓�琛ㄦ垨澶氫釜琛ㄤ腑鍒犻櫎琛屻�備笉杩囷紝鎮ㄤ笉鑳藉湪涓�涓�澶氳��DELETE璇�鍙ヤ腑浣跨��ORDER BY鎴�LIMIT銆�

table_references閮ㄥ垎鍒楀嚭浜嗗寘鍚�鍦ㄨ仈鍚堜腑鐨勮〃銆傛�よ��娉曞��13.2.7.1鑺傦紝鈥淛OIN璇�娉曗��涓�杩涜�屼簡璇存槑銆�

瀵逛簬绗�涓�涓�璇�娉曪紝鍙�鍒犻櫎鍒椾��FROM瀛愬彞涔嬪墠鐨勮〃涓�鐨勫�瑰簲鐨勮�屻�傚�逛簬绗�浜屼釜璇�娉曪紝鍙�鍒犻櫎鍒椾簬FROM瀛愬彞涔嬩腑锛堝湪USING瀛愬彞涔嬪墠锛夌殑琛ㄤ腑鐨勫�瑰簲鐨勮�屻�備綔鐢ㄦ槸锛屾偍鍙�浠ュ悓鏃跺垹闄よ�稿�氫釜琛ㄤ腑鐨勮�岋紝骞朵娇鐢ㄥ叾瀹冪殑琛ㄨ繘琛屾悳绱�锛�

DELETE t1, t2 FROM t1, t2, t3 WHERE t1.id=t2.id AND t2.id=t3.id;

鎴栵細

DELETE FROM t1, t2 USING t1, t2, t3 WHERE t1.id=t2.id AND t2.id=t3.id;

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鎴栵細

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]

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mysql> INSERT INTO tbl_name (col1,col2) VALUES(col2*2,15);

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路         濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�LOW_PRIORITY鍏抽敭璇嶏紝鍒�INSERT鐨勬墽琛岃��寤惰繜锛岀洿鍒版病鏈夊叾瀹冨�㈡埛绔�浠庤〃涓�璇诲彇涓烘瓈�傚綋鍘熸湁瀹㈡埛绔�姝ｅ湪璇诲彇鏃讹紝鏈変簺瀹㈡埛绔�鍒氬紑濮嬭�诲彇銆傝繖浜涘�㈡埛绔�涔熻��鍖呮嫭鍦ㄥ唴銆傛�ゆ椂锛�INSERT LOW_PRIORITY璇�鍙ョ瓑鍊欍�傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄨ�诲彇閲忓緢澶х殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍙戝��INSERT LOW_PRIORITY璇�鍙ョ殑瀹㈡埛绔�鏈夊彲鑳介渶瑕佺瓑寰呭緢闀夸竴娈垫椂闂达紙鐢氳嚦鏄�姘歌繙绛夊緟涓嬪幓锛夈�傦紙杩欎笌INSERT DELAYED褰㈡垚瀵规瘮锛�INSERT DELAYED绔嬪埢璁╁�㈡埛绔�缁х画鎵ц�屻�傝�峰弬瑙�13.2.4.2鑺傦紝鈥淚NSERT DELAYED璇�娉曗��銆傦級娉ㄦ剰LOW_PRIORITY閫氬父涓嶅簲鐢ㄤ簬MyISAM琛�锛屽洜涓鸿繖涔堝仛浼氬彇娑堝悓鏃惰繘琛岀殑鎻掑叆銆傝�峰弬瑙�15.1鑺傦紝鈥淢yISAM瀛樺偍寮曟搸鈥�銆�

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路         濡傛灉鎮ㄥ湪涓�涓�INSERT璇�鍙ヤ腑浣跨��IGNORE鍏抽敭璇嶏紝鍦ㄦ墽琛岃��鍙ユ椂鍑虹幇鐨勯敊璇�琚�褰撲綔璀﹀憡澶勭悊銆備緥濡傦紝娌℃湁浣跨敤IGNORE鏃讹紝濡傛灉涓�涓�琛屽�嶅埗浜嗗師鏈夌殑UNIQUE绱㈠紩鎴�PRIMARY KEY鍊硷紝浼氬�艰嚧鍑虹幇閲嶅�嶅叧閿�瀛楅敊璇�锛岃��鍙ユ墽琛屽け璐ャ�備娇鐢�IGNORE鏃讹紝璇ヨ�屼粛鐒舵湭琚�鎻掑叆锛屼絾鏄�涓嶄細鍑虹幇閿欒��銆�IGNORE鏈�琚�鎸囧畾鏃讹紝濡傛灉鏁版嵁杞�鍖栧紩鍙戦敊璇�锛屽垯浼氫娇璇�鍙ユ墽琛屽け璐ャ�備娇鐢�IGNORE鍚庯紝鏃犳晥鏁版嵁琚�璋冩暣鍒版渶鎺ヨ繎鐨勫�硷紝骞惰��鎻掑叆锛涙�ゆ椂锛岀敓鎴愯�﹀憡锛屼絾鏄�璇�鍙ユ墽琛屼笉浼氬け璐ャ�傛偍鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢�mysql_info() C API鍑芥暟娴嬪畾鏈夊�氬皯琛岃��鎻掑叆鍒拌〃涓�銆�

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    -> ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=c+1;

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mysql> UPDATE table SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1 OR b=2 LIMIT 1;

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鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ湪UPDATE瀛愬彞涓�浣跨��VALUES(col_name)鍑芥暟浠�INSERT...UPDATE璇�鍙ョ��INSERT閮ㄥ垎寮曠敤鍒楀�笺�傛崲鍙ヨ瘽璇达紝濡傛灉娌℃湁鍙戠敓閲嶅�嶅叧閿�瀛楀啿绐侊紝鍒�UPDATE瀛愬彞涓�鐨�VALUES(col_name)鍙�浠ュ紩鐢ㄨ��鎻掑叆鐨�col_name鐨勫�笺�傛湰鍑芥暟鐗瑰埆閫傜敤浜庡�氳�屾彃鍏ャ��VALUES()鍑芥暟鍙�鍦�INSERT...UPDATE璇�鍙ヤ腑鏈夋剰涔夛紝鍏跺畠鏃跺�欎細杩斿洖NULL銆�

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mysql> INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6)

    -> ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=VALUES(a)+VALUES(b);

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mysql> INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3)

    -> ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=3;

mysql> INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (4,5,6)

    -> ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=9;

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鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢�SQL LAST_INSERT_ID()鍑芥暟鏌ユ壘鐢ㄤ簬AUTO_INCREMENT鍒楃殑鍊笺�備粠C API鐨勫唴閮�锛屼娇鐢�mysql_insert_id()鍑芥暟銆備笉杩囷紝鎮ㄥ簲璇ユ敞鎰忥紝涓や釜鍑芥暟鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ苟涓嶆�绘槸鐩稿悓鐨勩�傚湪12.9.3鑺傦紝鈥滀俊鎭�鍑芥暟鈥�鍜�25.2.3.36鑺傦紝鈥渕ysql_insert_id()鈥�涓�杩涗竴姝ヨ�ㄨ�轰簡涓�AUTO_INCREMENT鍒楁湁鍏崇殑INSERT璇�鍙ョ殑浣滅敤銆�

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Records: 100 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

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路         鍚戜竴涓�宸插畾涔変��NOT NULL鐨勫垪涓�鎻掑��NULL銆傚�逛簬涓�涓�澶氳��INSERT璇�鍙ユ��INSERT INTO...SELECT璇�鍙ワ紝鏍规嵁鍒楁暟鎹�鐨勭被鍨嬶紝鍒楄��璁剧疆涓洪殣鍚�鐨勯粯璁ゅ�笺�傚�逛簬鏁板瓧绫诲瀷锛岄粯璁ゅ�间负0锛涘�逛簬瀛楃�︿覆绫诲瀷锛岄粯璁ゅ�间负绌哄瓧绗︿覆('')锛涘�逛簬鏃ユ湡鍜屾椂闂寸被鍨嬶紝榛樿�ゅ�间负鈥�zero鈥濆�笺�傚��INSERT INTO...SELECT璇�鍙ョ殑澶勭悊鏂规硶涓庡�瑰�氳�屾彃鍏ョ殑澶勭悊鏂规硶涓�鏍凤紝鍥犱负鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笉鑳芥��娴嬫潵鑷�SELECT鐨勭粨鏋滐紝涓嶈兘鍒ゆ柇鏄�鍚﹁繑鍥炲崟涓�琛屻�傦紙瀵逛簬鍗曚竴琛�INSERT锛屽綋NULL琚�鎻掑叆涓�涓�NOT NULL鍒楁椂锛屼笉浼氬嚭鐜拌�﹀憡锛岃�屾槸鍑虹幇閿欒��锛屽苟涓旇��鍙ヨ繍琛屽け璐ャ�傦級

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路         鍚戜竴涓�鏁板瓧鍒楄祴浜堜竴涓�渚嬪��'10.34 a'鐨勫�笺�傚熬閮ㄧ殑闈炴暟瀛楁枃鏈�琚�鍒犺妭锛屽叾浣欑殑鏁板瓧閮ㄥ垎琚�鎻掑叆锛屽�傛灉瀛楃�︿覆鍊兼病鏈夊墠瀵肩殑鏁板瓧閮ㄥ垎锛屽垯璇ュ垪琚�璁剧疆涓�0銆�

路         鍚戜竴涓�瀛楃�︿覆鍒楋紙CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT鎴�BLOB锛変腑鎻掑叆鐨勫瓧绗︿覆瓒呰繃浜嗗垪鐨勬渶澶ч暱搴︺�傛�ゅ�艰��鍒犺妭鍒板垪鐨勬渶澶ч暱搴︺��

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INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]

    [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]

    SELECT ...

    [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]

INSERT INTO tbl_temp2 (fld_id)

    SELECT tbl_temp1.fld_order_id

    FROM tbl_temp1 WHERE tbl_temp1.fld_order_id > 100;

INSERT DELAYED ...

LOAD DATA [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL] INFILE 'file_name.txt'

    [REPLACE | IGNORE]

    INTO TABLE tbl_name

    [FIELDS

        [TERMINATED BY 'string']

        [[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'char']

        [ESCAPED BY 'char' ]

    ]

    [LINES

        [STARTING BY 'string']

        [TERMINATED BY 'string']

    ]

    [IGNORE number LINES]

    [(col_name_or_user_var,...)]

    [SET col_name = expr,...)]

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鐢�character_set_database绯荤粺鍙橀噺鎸囩ず鐨勫瓧绗﹂泦琚�鐢ㄤ簬瑙ｉ噴鏂囦欢涓�鐨勪俊鎭�銆�SET NAMES鍜�character_set_client鐨勮�剧疆涓嶄細褰卞搷瀵硅緭鍏ョ殑瑙ｉ噴銆�

娉ㄦ剰锛岀洰鍓嶄笉鑳借浇鍏�UCS2鏁版嵁鏂囦欢銆�

鎮ㄤ篃鍙�浠ラ�氳繃浣跨敤mysqlimport搴旂敤绋嬪簭杞藉叆鏁版嵁鏂囦欢锛涢�氳繃鍚戞湇鍔″櫒鍙戦�佷竴涓�LOAD DATA INFILE璇�鍙ュ疄鐜版�ゅ姛鑳姐��--local閫夐」鐢ㄤ簬浣�mysqlimport浠庡�㈡埛涓绘満涓�璇诲彇鏁版嵁鏂囦欢銆傚�傛灉瀹㈡埛绔�鍜屾湇鍔″櫒鏀�鎸佸帇缂╁崗璁�锛屽垯鎮ㄥ彲浠ユ寚瀹氣��compress閫夐」鎻愰珮鍦ㄦ參閫熺綉缁滀腑鐨勬�ц兘銆傝�峰弬瑙�8.10鑺傦紝鈥渕ysqlimport锛氭暟鎹�瀵煎叆绋嬪��銆�

濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�LOW_PRIORITY锛屽垯LOAD DATA璇�鍙ョ殑鎵ц�岃��寤惰繜锛岀洿鍒版病鏈夊叾瀹冪殑瀹㈡埛绔�浠庤〃涓�璇诲彇涓烘��銆�

濡傛灉涓�涓�MyISAM琛ㄦ弧瓒冲悓鏃舵彃鍏ョ殑鏉′欢锛堝嵆璇ヨ〃鍦ㄤ腑闂存湁绌洪棽鍧楋級锛屽苟涓旀偍瀵硅繖涓�MyISAM琛ㄦ寚瀹氫簡CONCURRENT锛屽垯褰�LOAD DATA姝ｅ湪鎵ц�屾椂锛屽叾瀹冪嚎绋嬩細浠庤〃涓�閲嶆柊鑾峰彇鏁版嵁銆傚嵆浣挎病鏈夊叾瀹冪嚎绋嬪湪鍚屾椂浣跨敤鏈�琛ㄦ牸锛屼娇鐢ㄦ湰閫夐」涔熶細鐣ュ井褰卞搷LOAD DATA鐨勬�ц兘銆�

濡傛灉鎸囧畾浜�LOCAL锛屽垯琚�璁や负涓庤繛鎺ョ殑瀹㈡埛绔�鏈夊叧锛�

路         濡傛灉鎸囧畾浜�LOCAL锛屽垯鏂囦欢浼氳��瀹㈡埛涓绘満涓婄殑瀹㈡埛绔�璇诲彇锛屽苟琚�鍙戦�佸埌鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ�傛枃浠朵細琚�缁欎簣涓�涓�瀹屾暣鐨勮矾寰勫悕绉帮紝浠ユ寚瀹氱‘鍒囩殑浣嶇疆銆傚�傛灉缁欏畾鐨勬槸涓�涓�鐩稿�圭殑璺�寰勫悕绉帮紝鍒欐�ゅ悕绉颁細琚�鐞嗚В涓虹浉瀵逛簬鍚�鍔ㄥ�㈡埛绔�鏃舵墍鍦ㄧ殑鐩�褰曘��

路         濡傛灉LOCAL娌℃湁琚�鎸囧畾锛屽垯鏂囦欢蹇呴』浣嶄簬鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ富鏈轰笂锛屽苟涓旇��鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ洿鎺ヨ�诲彇銆�

褰撳湪鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ富鏈轰笂涓烘枃浠跺畾浣嶆椂锛屾湇鍔″櫒浣跨敤浠ヤ笅瑙勫垯锛�

路         濡傛灉缁欏畾浜嗕竴涓�缁濆�圭殑璺�寰勫悕绉帮紝鍒欐湇鍔″櫒浣跨敤姝よ矾寰勫悕绉般��

路         濡傛灉缁欏畾浜嗗甫鏈変竴涓�鎴栧�氫釜寮曞�肩粍浠剁殑鐩稿�硅矾寰勫悕绉帮紝鍒欐湇鍔″櫒浼氭悳绱㈢浉瀵逛簬鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ暟鎹�鐩�褰曠殑鏂囦欢銆�

路         濡傛灉缁欏畾浜嗕竴涓�涓嶅甫寮曞�肩粍浠剁殑鏂囦欢鍚嶇О锛屽垯鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ細鍦ㄩ粯璁ゆ暟鎹�搴撶殑鏁版嵁搴撶洰褰曚腑瀵绘壘鏂囦欢銆�

娉ㄦ剰锛岃繖浜涜�勫垯鎰忓懗鐫�鍚嶄负./myfile.txt鐨勬枃浠朵細浠庢湇鍔″櫒鏁版嵁鐩�褰曚腑琚�璇诲彇锛岃�屽悕涓�myfile.txt鐨勫悓鏍风殑鏂囦欢浼氫粠榛樿�ゆ暟鎹�搴撶殑鏁版嵁搴撶洰褰曚腑璇诲彇銆備緥濡傦紝涓嬮潰鐨�LOAD DATA璇�鍙ヤ細浠�db1鏁版嵁搴撶洰褰曚腑璇诲彇鏂囦欢data.txt锛屽洜涓�db1鏄�褰撳墠鏁版嵁搴撱�傚嵆浣胯��鍙ユ槑纭�鎶婃枃浠惰浇鍏ュ��db2鏁版嵁搴撲腑鐨勮〃閲岋紝涔熶細浠�db1鐩�褰曚腑璇诲彇銆�

mysql> USE db1;

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE 'data.txt' INTO TABLE db2.my_table;

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鍑轰簬瀹夊叏鍘熷洜锛屽綋璇诲彇浣嶄簬鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ腑鐨勬枃鏈�鏂囦欢鏃讹紝鏂囦欢蹇呴』浣嶄簬鏁版嵁搴撶洰褰曚腑锛屾垨鑰呮槸鍏ㄤ綋鍙�璇荤殑銆傚彟澶栵紝瑕佸�规湇鍔″櫒鏂囦欢浣跨��LOAD DATA INFILE锛屾偍蹇呴』鎷ユ湁FILE鏉冮檺銆�

瑙�5.7.3鑺傦紝鈥淢ySQL鎻愪緵鐨勬潈闄愨��銆�

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鍙�鏈夊綋鎮ㄧ殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ拰鎮ㄧ殑瀹㈡埛绔�閮借�稿彲鏃讹��LOCAL鎵嶅彲杩愯�屻�備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉浣跨敤鈥�local-infile=0鍚�鍔�mysqld锛屽垯LOCAL涓嶈繍琛屻�傝�峰弬瑙�5.6.4鑺傦紝鈥淟OAD DATA LOCAL瀹夊叏闂�棰�鈥�銆�

濡傛灉鎮ㄩ渶瑕�LOAD DATA鏉ヤ粠涓�涓�绠￠亾涓�璇诲彇锛屾偍鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢ㄤ互涓嬫柟娉曪紙姝ゅ�勬垜浠�鎶�/鐩�褰曟竻鍗曡浇鍏ヤ竴涓�琛ㄦ牸锛夛��

mkfifo /mysql/db/x/x

chmod 666 /mysql/db/x/x

find / -ls > /mysql/db/x/x

mysql -e "LOAD DATA INFILE 'x' INTO TABLE x" x

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濡傛灉鎮ㄦ寚瀹氫簡REPLACE锛屽垯杈撳叆琛屼細鏇挎崲鍘熸湁琛岋紙鎹㈠彞璇濊�达紝涓庡師鏈夎�屼竴鏍凤紝瀵逛竴涓�涓荤储寮曟垨鍞�涓�绱㈠紩鍏锋湁鐩稿悓鍊肩殑琛岋級銆傝�峰弬瑙�13.2.6鑺傦紝鈥淩EPLACE璇�娉曗��銆�

濡傛灉鎮ㄦ寚瀹�IGNORE锛屽垯鎶婂師鏈夎�屽�嶅埗鍒板敮涓�鍏抽敭瀛楀�肩殑杈撳叆琛岃��璺宠繃銆傚�傛灉鎮ㄨ繖涓や釜閫夐」閮戒笉鎸囧畾锛屽垯杩愯�屾儏鍐垫牴鎹�LOCAL鍏抽敭璇嶆槸鍚﹁��鎸囧畾鑰屽畾銆備笉浣跨敤LOCAL鏃讹紝褰撳嚭鐜伴噸澶嶅叧閿�瀛楀�兼椂锛屼細鍙戠敓閿欒��锛屽苟涓斿墿涓嬬殑鏂囨湰鏂囦欢琚�蹇界暐銆備娇鐢�LOCAL鏃讹紝榛樿�ょ殑杩愯�屾儏鍐靛拰IGNORE琚�鎸囧畾鏃剁殑鎯呭喌鐩稿悓锛涜繖鏄�鍥犱负鍦ㄨ繍琛屼腑闂达紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ病鏈夊姙娉曚腑姝㈡枃浠剁殑浼犺緭銆�

濡傛灉鎮ㄥ笇鏈涘湪杞藉叆杩愯�岃繃绋嬩腑蹇界暐澶栭敭鐨勯檺鍒讹紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ湪鎵ц��LOAD DATA鍓嶅彂閫佷竴涓�SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0璇�鍙ャ��

濡傛灉鎮ㄥ�逛竴涓�绌虹��MyISAM琛ㄤ娇鐢�LOAD DATA INFILE锛屽垯鎵�鏈夌殑闈炲敮涓�绱㈠紩浼氳��鍒涘缓鍦ㄤ竴涓�鐙�绔嬫壒涓�锛堝�逛簬REPAIR TABLE锛夈�傚綋鎮ㄦ湁璁稿�氱储寮曟椂锛岃繖閫氬父浼氫娇LOAD DATA INFILE澶уぇ鍔犲揩銆傞�氬父锛�LOAD DATA INFILE鐨勯�熷害浼氶潪甯稿揩锛屼絾鏄�鍦ㄦ煇浜涙瀬绔�鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ湪鎶婃枃浠惰浇鍏ュ埌琛ㄤ腑涔嬪墠浣跨敤ALTER TABLE...DISABLE KEYS鍏抽棴LOAD DATA INFILE锛屾垨鑰呭湪杞藉叆鏂囦欢涔嬪悗浣跨敤ALTER TABLE...ENABLE KEYS鍐嶆�″垱寤虹储寮曪紝浣垮垱寤虹储寮曠殑閫熷害鏇村揩銆傝�峰弬瑙�7.2.16鑺傦紝鈥淚NSERT璇�鍙ョ殑閫熷害鈥�銆�

LOAD DATA INFILE鏄�SELECT...INTO OUTFILE鐨勮ˉ璇�銆傦紙瑙�13.2.7鑺傦紝鈥淪ELECT璇�娉曗��銆傦級瑕佷粠涓�涓�琛ㄤ腑鎶婃暟鎹�鍐欏叆涓�涓�鏂囦欢涓�锛屽簲浣跨敤SELECT...INTO OUTFILE銆傝�佽�诲彇鏂囦欢锛屾斁鍥炲埌琛ㄤ腑锛屽簲浣跨敤LOAD DATA INFILE銆�FIELDS鍜�LINES瀛愬彞鐨勮��娉曞�逛簬涓や釜璇�鍙ユ槸涓�鏍风殑銆備袱涓�瀛愬彞閮芥槸鑷�閫夌殑锛屼絾鏄�濡傛灉涓や釜閮借��鎸囧畾浜嗭��FIELDS蹇呴』浣嶄簬LINES鐨勫墠闈���

濡傛灉鎮ㄦ寚瀹氫簡涓�涓�FIELDS瀛愬彞锛屽垯姣忎釜浜氬瓙鍙ワ紙TERMINATED BY, [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY鍜�ESCAPED BY锛変篃鏄�鑷�閫夌殑銆備笉杩囷紝鎮ㄥ繀椤绘寚瀹氬叾涓�鑷冲皯涓�涓�銆�

濡傛灉鎮ㄤ笉鎸囧畾FIELDS瀛愬彞锛屽垯榛樿�ゅ�间负鍋囪�炬偍鍐欎笅濡備笅璇�鍙ユ椂鐨勫�硷細

FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' ENCLOSED BY '' ESCAPED BY '\\'

濡傛灉鎮ㄤ笉鎸囧畾LINES瀛愬彞锛屽垯榛樿�ゅ�间负鍋囪�炬偍鍐欎笅濡備笅璇�鍙ユ椂鐨勫�硷細

LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' STARTING BY ''

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路         鍦ㄦ柊琛屽�勫�绘壘琛岀殑杈圭晫銆�

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路         鍑虹幇鍒惰〃绗︺�佹柊琛屻�佹垨鍦ㄢ��\鈥欏墠鏈夆��\鈥欐椂锛岀悊瑙ｄ负浣滀负瀛楁�靛�间竴閮ㄥ垎鐨勬枃瀛楀瓧绗︺��

鐩稿弽鐨勶紝褰撶紪鍐欒緭鍑哄�兼椂锛岄粯璁ゅ�间細浣�SELECT...INTO OUTFILE鎸夊�備笅鏂瑰紡杩愯�岋細

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路         鍦ㄨ�岀殑鏈�绔�鍐欏叆鏂拌�屻��

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绀轰緥锛�

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/test.txt'

    -> INTO TABLE test LINES STARTING BY "xxx";

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xxx"row",1

something xxx"row",2

骞跺彧寰楀埌鏁版嵁("row",1)鍜�("row",2)銆�

IGNORE number LINES閫夐」鍙�浠ヨ��鐢ㄤ簬鍦ㄦ枃浠剁殑寮�濮嬪�勫拷鐣ヨ�屻�備緥濡傦紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢�IGNORE 1 LINES鏉ヨ烦杩囦竴涓�鍖呭惈鍒楀悕绉扮殑璧峰�嬫爣棰樿�岋��

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/test.txt'

    -> INTO TABLE test IGNORE 1 LINES;

褰撴偍鑱斿悎浣跨敤SELECT...INTO OUTFILE鍜�LOAD DATA INFILE鏉ヤ粠涓�涓�鏁版嵁搴撲腑鎶婃暟鎹�鍐欏叆涓�涓�鏂囦欢涓�锛岀劧鍚庡啀璇诲彇鏂囦欢锛岃繑鍥炲埌鏁版嵁搴撲腑鏃讹紝鐢ㄤ簬涓や釜璇�鍙ョ��field-鍜�line-handling閫夐」蹇呴』鍖归厤銆傚惁鍒欙紝LOAD DATA INFILE涓嶄細姝ｇ‘鍦扮悊瑙ｆ枃浠剁殑鍐呭�广�傚亣璁炬偍浣跨敤SELECT...INTO OUTFILE鏉ョ紪鍐欎竴涓�鐨勬枃浠讹紝瀛楁�电敱閫楀彿鍒嗛殧锛�

mysql> SELECT * INTO OUTFILE 'data.txt'

    ->          FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

    ->          FROM table2;

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mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE 'data.txt' INTO TABLE table2

    ->           FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',';

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mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE 'data.txt' INTO TABLE table2

    ->           FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';

缁撴灉寰堝彲鑳芥槸锛屾瘡涓�杈撳叆琛岃��鐞嗚В涓轰竴涓�鍗曚竴瀛楁�点��

LOAD DATA INFILE涔熷彲浠ヨ��鐢ㄤ簬璇诲彇浠庡�栨簮涓�鑾峰彇鐨勬枃浠躲�備緥濡傦紝涓�涓�dBASE鏍煎紡鐨勬枃浠跺叿鏈変互閫楀彿鍒嗛殧骞朵笖鍖呭惈鍦ㄥ弻寮曞彿涓�鐨勫瓧娈点�傚�傛灉鏂囦欢涓�鐨勫悇琛屼互鏂拌�屼负缁撳熬锛屽垯姝ゅ�勬墍绀虹殑璇�鍙ユ弿杩颁簡鎮ㄥ彲浠ョ敤浜庤浇鍏ユ枃浠剁��field-鍜�line-handling閫夐」锛�

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE 'data.txt' INTO TABLE tbl_name

    ->           FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '"'

    ->           LINES TERMINATED BY '\n';

鎵�鏈�field-鎴�line-handling閫夐」閮藉彲浠ユ寚瀹氫竴涓�绌哄瓧绗︿��('')銆傚�傛灉瀛楃�︿覆涓嶆槸绌虹殑锛屽垯FIELDS [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY鍜�FIELDS ESCAPED BY鍊煎繀椤讳负鍗曚竴瀛楃�︺��FIELDS TERMINATED BY, LINES STARTING BY鍜�LINES TERMINATED BY鍊煎彲浠ヨ秴杩囦竴涓�瀛楃�︺�備緥濡傦紝瑕佺紪鍐欑敱鍥炶溅/鎹㈣�屾垚瀵瑰瓧绗︿綔涓虹粨灏剧殑琛岋紝鎴栬�诲彇鍖呭惈杩欑被琛岀殑鏂囦欢锛屽垯搴旀寚瀹氫竴涓�LINES TERMINATED BY 鈥�\r\n鈥欏瓙鍙ャ��

濡傛灉jokes琚�鐢�%%缁勬垚鐨勮�屽垎闅旓��瑕佽�诲彇鍖呭��jokes鐨勬枃浠讹紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ヨ繖涔堟搷浣滐細

mysql> CREATE TABLE jokes

    ->     (a INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

    ->     joke TEXT NOT NULL);

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/jokes.txt' INTO TABLE jokes

    ->     FIELDS TERMINATED BY ''

    ->     LINES TERMINATED BY '\n%%\n' (joke);

FIELDS [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY鐢ㄤ簬鎺у埗瀛楁�电殑寮曞彿銆傚�逛簬锛�SELECT...INTO OUTFILE锛夛紝濡傛灉鎮ㄥ拷鐣ヤ簡璇嶈��OPTIONALLY锛屽垯鎵�鏈夌殑瀛楁�甸兘琚�鍖呭惈鍦�ENCLOSED BY瀛楃�︿覆涓�銆傛�ゅ�勫睍绀轰簡姝ょ被杈撳嚭鐨勪竴涓�绀轰緥锛堜娇鐢ㄩ�楀彿浣滀负瀛楁�靛垎闅旂�︼級锛�

"1","a string","100.20"

"2","a string containing a , comma","102.20"

"3","a string containing a \" quote","102.20"

"4","a string containing a \", quote and comma","102.20"

濡傛灉鎮ㄦ寚瀹氫簡OPTINALLY锛屽垯ENCLOSED BY瀛楃�﹀彧琚�鐢ㄤ簬鍖呭惈鍏锋湁瀛楃�︿覆鏁版嵁绫诲瀷锛堟瘮濡�CHAR, BINARY, TEXT鎴�ENUM锛夌殑鍒椾腑鐨勫�硷細

1,"a string",100.20

2,"a string containing a , comma",102.20

3,"a string containing a \" quote",102.20

4,"a string containing a \", quote and comma",102.20

娉ㄦ剰锛屽�傛灉鍦ㄥ瓧娈靛�煎唴鍑虹幇ENCLOSED BY瀛楃�︼紝鍒欓�氳繃浣跨敤ESCAPED BY瀛楃�︿綔涓哄墠缂�锛屽��ENCLOSED BY瀛楃�﹁繘琛岃浆涔夈�傚彟澶栵紝瑕佹敞鎰忥紝濡傛灉鎮ㄦ寚瀹氫簡涓�涓�绌虹��ESCAPED BY鍊硷紝鍒欏彲鑳戒細鐢熸垚涓嶈兘琚�LOAD DATA INFILE姝ｇ‘璇诲彇鐨勮緭鍑哄�笺�備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉杞�涔夌�︿负绌哄瓧绗︼紝鍒欏垰鏄剧ず鐨勫厛鍓嶈緭鍑哄�煎簲鏄剧ず濡備笅銆傝�疯�傚療锛岀��鍥涜�屼腑鐨勭��浜屼釜瀛楁�靛湪寮曞彿鍚庨潰鍖呭惈涓�涓�閫楀彿锛岃�ュ紩鍙凤紙閿欒��鍦帮級鏄剧ず鍑烘潵锛屼綔涓哄瓧娈电殑缁撳熬锛�

1,"a string",100.20

2,"a string containing a , comma",102.20

3,"a string containing a " quote",102.20

4,"a string containing a ", quote and comma",102.20

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濡傛灉瀛楁�典��ENCLOSED BY瀛楃�︿负寮�濮嬶紝褰撳嚭鐜拌繖绫诲瓧绗︽椂锛屽彧鏈夊悗闈㈡帴鐫�瀛楁�垫垨琛�TERMINATED BY搴忓垪鏃讹紝杩欑被瀛楃�﹁��璁や负鏄�涓�涓�瀛楁�靛�肩殑缁撳熬銆備负浜嗛伩鍏嶆剰鎬濅笉鏄庣‘锛屽綋鍦ㄤ竴涓�瀛楁�靛�间腑鍑虹幇ENCLOSED BY瀛楃�︽椂锛屾�ゅ瓧绗﹀彲浠ラ噸澶嶄功鍐欙紝骞惰��鐞嗚В涓哄崟涓�鐨勫瓧绗︺�備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉鎸囧畾浜�ENCLOSED BY '"'锛屽垯鎸夌収浠ヤ笅鏂规硶鎿嶄綔寮曞彿锛�

"The ""BIG"" boss"  -> The "BIG" boss

The "BIG" boss      -> The "BIG" boss

The ""BIG"" boss    -> The ""BIG"" boss

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路         FIELDS ESCAPED BY瀛楃��

路         FIELDS [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY瀛楃��

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路         ASCII 0锛堝湪杞�涔夌�︿箣鍚庣紪鍐欑殑瀛楃�﹀疄闄呬笂鏄�ASCII鈥�0鈥欙紝鑰屼笉鏄�涓�涓�鍊间负0鐨勫瓧鑺傦級

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路         閲囩敤鍥哄畾琛屾牸寮忔椂锛堝綋FIELDS TERMINATED BY鍜�FIELDS ENCLOSED BY鍧囦负绌哄�兼椂閲囩敤锛夛紝NULL琚�浣滀负涓�涓�绌哄瓧绗︿覆鍐欏叆銆傛敞鎰忥紝杩欎細瀵艰嚧鍦ㄨ��鍐欏叆鏂囦欢鏃讹紝琛ㄤ腑鐨�NULL鍊煎拰绌哄瓧绗︿覆鍧囨棤娉曡鲸鍒�锛岃繖鏄�鍥犱负涓よ�呴兘琚�浣滀负绌哄瓧绗︿覆鍐欏叆銆傚�傛灉鎮ㄩ渶瑕佸湪璇诲彇鏂囦欢骞惰繑鍥炴椂鑳藉�熷垎杈ㄤ袱鑰咃紝鍒欐偍涓嶅簲浣跨敤鍥哄畾琛屾牸寮忋��

LOAD DATA INFILE涓嶆敮鎸佹湁浜涙儏鍐碉細

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路                FIELDS TERMINATED BY '"' ENCLOSED BY '"'

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浠ヤ笅鐨勪緥瀛愯浇鍏ヤ簡persondata琛ㄤ腑鐨勬墍鏈夊垪锛�

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE 'persondata.txt' INTO TABLE persondata;

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mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE 'persondata.txt'

    ->           INTO TABLE persondata (col1,col2,...);

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Records: 1  Deleted: 0  Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

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REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED]

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REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED]

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SELECT

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    -> FROM mytable ORDER BY full_name;

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mysql> SELECT columna columnb FROM mytable;

鍥犳�わ紝浣跨��AS鏄庣‘鍦版寚瀹氬垪鐨勫埆鍚嶏紝鎶婂畠浣滀负涔犳儻锛屾槸涓�涓�鑹�濂界殑鎿嶄綔瑙勮寖銆�

路         鍦ㄤ竴涓�WHERE瀛愬彞涓�浣跨敤鍒楀埆鍚嶆槸涓嶅厑璁哥殑锛屽洜涓哄綋鎵ц��WHERE瀛愬彞鏃讹紝鍒楀�煎彲鑳借繕娌℃湁琚�纭�瀹氥�傝�峰弬瑙�A.5.4鑺傦紝鈥滀笌鍒楀埆鍚嶆湁鍏崇殑闂�棰樷��銆�

路         FROM table_references瀛愬彞鎸囩ず琛屼粠鍝�浜涜〃涓�琚�鎭㈠�嶃�傚�傛灉鎮ㄥ懡鍚嶇殑琛ㄥ�氫簬涓�涓�锛屽垯鎮ㄥ湪杩涜�屼竴涓�鑱斿悎鎿嶄綔銆傝�佷簡瑙ｆ湁鍏宠仈鍚堣��娉曠殑璇存槑锛岃�峰弬瑙�13.2.7.1鑺傦紝鈥淛OIN璇�娉曗��銆傚�逛簬姣忎竴涓�琚�鎸囧畾鐨勮〃锛屾偍鍙�浠ヨ嚜閫夊湴鎸囧畾涓�涓�鍒�鍚嶃��

路                tbl_name [[AS] alias]

路                    [{USE|IGNORE|FORCE} INDEX (key_list)]

浣跨敤USE INDEX銆�IGNORE INDEX銆�FORCE INDEX鍙�浠ュ悜浼樺寲绗︽彁绀哄�備綍閫夋嫨绱㈠紩銆傝繖閮ㄥ垎鍐呭�瑰��13.2.7.1鑺傦紝鈥淛OIN璇�娉曗��涓�杩涜�屼簡璁ㄨ�恒��

鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢�SET max_seeks_for_key=value浣滀负涓�绉嶆浛浠ｆ柟娉曪紝鏉ヤ績浣�MySQL浼樺厛閲囩敤鍏抽敭瀛楁壂鎻忥紝鏇夸唬琛ㄦ壂鎻忋��

路         鎮ㄥ彲浠ユ妸褰撳墠鏁版嵁搴撲腑鐨勪竴涓�琛ㄤ綔涓�tbl_name锛堝湪褰撳墠鏁版嵁搴撲腑锛夊紩鐢�锛屾垨浣滀��db_name.tbl_name寮曠敤锛屾潵鏄庣‘鍦版寚瀹氫竴涓�鏁版嵁搴撱�傛偍鍙�浠ユ妸涓�鍒椾綔涓�col_name, tbl_name.col_name寮曠敤鎴栦綔涓�db_name.tbl_name.col_name寮曠敤銆傛偍涓嶉渶瑕佸�逛竴涓�鍒楀紩鐢ㄦ寚瀹氫竴涓�tbl_name鎴�db_name.tbl_name鍓嶇紑锛岄櫎闈炴�ゅ紩鐢ㄦ剰涔変笉鏄庣‘銆傛剰涔変笉鏄庣‘鏃讹紝瑕佹眰鎸囧畾鏄庣‘鐨勫垪寮曠敤鏍煎紡銆傛湁鍏崇ず渚嬭��9.2鑺傦紝鈥滄暟鎹�搴撱�佽〃銆佺储寮曘�佸垪鍜屽埆鍚嶁��銆�

路         鍦ㄦ病鏈夎〃琚�寮曠敤鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屽厑璁告偍鎸囧��DUAL浣滀负涓�涓�鍋囩殑琛ㄥ悕銆�

路                mysql> SELECT 1 + 1 FROM DUAL;

路                        -> 2

鏈変簺鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ�佹眰涓�涓�FROM瀛愬彞銆�DUAL浠呯敤浜庝笌杩欎簺鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ吋瀹广�傚�傛灉娌℃湁琛ㄨ��寮曠敤锛屽��MySQL涓嶈�佹眰璇ュ瓙鍙ワ紝鍓嶉潰鐨勮��鍙ュ彲浠ユ寜浠ヤ笅鏂规硶缂栧啓锛�

mysql> SELECT 1 + 1;

        -> 2

路         浣跨敤tbl_name AS alias_name鎴�tbl_name alias_name鍙�浠ヤ负涓�涓�琛ㄥ紩鐢ㄨ捣鍒�鍚嶏細

路                mysql> SELECT t1.name, t2.salary FROM employee AS t1, info AS t2

路                    ->     WHERE t1.name = t2.name;

路                mysql> SELECT t1.name, t2.salary FROM employee t1, info t2

路                    ->     WHERE t1.name = t2.name;

路         鍦�WHERE瀛愬彞涓�锛屾偍鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢�MySQL鏀�鎸佺殑鎵�鏈夊嚱鏁帮紝涓嶈繃鎬昏�★紙鎬荤粨锛夊嚱鏁伴櫎澶栥�傝�峰弬瑙�绗�12绔狅細鍑芥暟鍜屾搷浣滅��銆�

路         琚�閫夋嫨鐨勭敤浜庤緭鍑虹殑鍒楀彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄥ垪鍚嶇О銆佸垪鍒�鍚嶆垨鍒椾綅缃�琚�寮曠敤鍒�ORDER BY鍜�GROUP BY瀛愬彞涓�銆傚垪浣嶇疆涓烘暣鏁帮紝浠�1寮�濮嬶細

路                mysql> SELECT college, region, seed FROM tournament

路                    ->     ORDER BY region, seed;

路                mysql> SELECT college, region AS r, seed AS s FROM tournament

路                    ->     ORDER BY r, s;

路                mysql> SELECT college, region, seed FROM tournament

路                    ->     ORDER BY 2, 3;

瑕佷互鐩稿弽鐨勯『搴忚繘琛屽垎绫伙紝搴旀妸DESC锛堥檷搴忥級鍏抽敭瀛楁坊鍔犲埌ORDER BY瀛愬彞涓�鐨勫垪鍚嶇О涓�銆傞粯璁ゅ�间负鍗囧簭锛涜�ュ�煎彲浠ヤ娇鐢�ASC鍏抽敭璇嶆槑纭�鍦版寚瀹氥��

涓嶅缓璁�浣跨敤鍒椾綅缃�锛屽洜涓鸿�ヨ��娉曞凡缁忎��SQL鏍囧噯涓�鍒犻櫎銆�

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�GROUP BY锛屽垯杈撳嚭琛屾牴鎹�GROUP BY鍒楄繘琛屽垎绫伙紝濡傚悓鎮ㄥ�圭浉鍚岀殑鍒楄繘琛屼��ORDER BY銆�MySQL瀵�GROUP BY杩涜�屼簡鎵╁睍锛屽洜姝ゆ偍鍙�浠ュ湪鍚勫垪锛堝湪瀛愬彞涓�杩涜�屽懡鍚嶏級鐨勫悗闈㈡寚瀹�ASC鍜�DESC锛�

路                SELECT a, COUNT(b) FROM test_table GROUP BY a DESC

路         MySQL瀵�GROUP BY鐨勪娇鐢ㄨ繘琛屼簡鎵╁睍锛屽厑璁搁�夋嫨鍦�GROUP BY瀛愬彞涓�娌℃湁琚�鎻愬埌鐨勫瓧娈点�傚�傛灉鎮ㄦ病鏈夊緱鍒伴�勬湡鐨勭粨鏋滐紝璇烽槄璇�GROUP BY鐨勮�存槑锛岃�峰弬瑙�12.10鑺傦紝鈥滀笌GROUP BY瀛愬彞鍚屾椂浣跨敤鐨勫嚱鏁板拰淇�鏀圭▼搴�鈥�銆�

路         GROUP BY鍏佽�镐竴涓�WITH ROLLUP淇�楗扮�︺�傝�峰弬瑙�12.10.2鑺傦紝鈥淕ROUP BY淇�鏀圭▼搴忊��銆�

路         HAVING瀛愬彞鍩烘湰涓婃槸鏈�鍚庝娇鐢�锛屽彧浣嶄簬琚�鍙戦�佺粰瀹㈡埛绔�鐨勬潯鐩�涔嬪墠锛屾病鏈夎繘琛屼紭鍖栥�傦紙LIMIT鐢ㄤ簬HAVING涔嬪悗銆傦級

SQL鏍囧噯瑕佹眰HAVING蹇呴』寮曠敤GROUP BY瀛愬彞涓�鐨勫垪鎴栫敤浜庢�昏�″嚱鏁颁腑鐨勫垪銆備笉杩囷紝MySQL鏀�鎸佸�规�ゅ伐浣滄�ц川鐨勬墿灞曪紝骞跺厑璁�HAVING鍥犱负SELECT娓呭崟涓�鐨勫垪鍜屽�栭儴瀛愭煡璇�涓�鐨勫垪銆�

濡傛灉HAVING瀛愬彞寮曠敤浜嗕竴涓�鎰忎箟涓嶆槑纭�鐨勫垪锛屽垯浼氬嚭鐜拌�﹀憡銆傚湪涓嬮潰鐨勮��鍙ヤ腑锛�col2鎰忎箟涓嶆槑纭�锛屽洜涓哄畠鏃�浣滀负鍒�鍚嶄娇鐢�锛屽張浣滀负鍒楀悕浣跨敤锛�

mysql> SELECT COUNT(col1) AS col2 FROM t GROUP BY col2 HAVING col2 = 2;

鏍囧噯SQL宸ヤ綔鎬ц川鍏锋湁浼樺厛鏉冿紝鍥犳�ゅ�傛灉涓�涓�HAVING鍒楀悕鏃㈣��鐢ㄤ簬GROUP BY锛屽張琚�鐢ㄤ綔杈撳嚭鍒楁竻鍗曚腑鐨勮捣浜嗗埆鍚嶇殑鍒楋紝鍒欎紭鍏堟潈琚�缁欎簣GROUP BY鍒椾腑鐨勫垪銆�

路         HAVING涓嶈兘鐢ㄤ簬搴旇��鐢ㄤ簬WHERE瀛愬彞鐨勬潯鐩�銆備緥濡傦紝涓嶈兘缂栧啓濡備笅璇�鍙ワ��

路                mysql> SELECT col_name FROM tbl_name HAVING col_name > 0;

鑰屽簲杩欎箞缂栧啓锛�

mysql> SELECT col_name FROM tbl_name WHERE col_name > 0;

路         HAVING瀛愬彞鍙�浠ュ紩鐢ㄦ�昏�″嚱鏁帮紝鑰�WHERE瀛愬彞涓嶈兘寮曠敤锛�

路                mysql> SELECT user, MAX(salary) FROM users

路                    ->     GROUP BY user HAVING MAX(salary)>10;

锛堝湪鏈変簺杈冩棭鐗堟湰鐨�MySQL涓�锛屾湰璇�鍙ヤ笉杩愯�屻�傦級

路         LIMIT瀛愬彞鍙�浠ヨ��鐢ㄤ簬闄愬埗琚�SELECT璇�鍙ヨ繑鍥炵殑琛屾暟銆�LIMIT鍙栦竴涓�鎴栦袱涓�鏁板瓧鑷�鍙橀噺锛岃嚜鍙橀噺蹇呴』鏄�闈炶礋鐨勬暣鏁板父鏁帮紙褰撲娇鐢ㄥ凡棰勫�囩殑璇�鍙ユ椂闄ゅ�栵級銆�

浣跨敤涓や釜鑷�鍙橀噺鏃讹紝绗�涓�涓�鑷�鍙橀噺鎸囧畾杩斿洖鐨勭��涓�琛岀殑鍋忕Щ閲忥紝绗�浜屼釜鑷�鍙橀噺鎸囧畾杩斿洖鐨勮�屾暟鐨勬渶澶у�笺�傚垵濮嬭�岀殑鍋忕Щ閲忎��0锛堜笉鏄�1锛夛細

mysql> SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT 5,10;  # Retrieve rows 6-15

涓轰簡涓�PostgreSQL鍏煎�癸��MySQL涔熸敮鎸�LIMIT row_count OFFSET offset璇�娉曘��

濡傛灉瑕佹仮澶嶄粠鏌愪釜鍋忕Щ閲忓埌缁撴灉闆嗗悎鐨勬湯绔�涔嬮棿鐨勬墍鏈夌殑琛岋紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ�圭��浜屼釜鍙傛暟鏄�浣跨敤姣旇緝澶х殑鏁般�傛湰璇�鍙ュ彲浠ユ仮澶嶄粠绗�96琛屽埌鏈�鍚庣殑鎵�鏈夎�岋��

mysql> SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT 95,18446744073709551615;

浣跨敤1涓�鑷�鍙橀噺鏃讹紝璇ュ�兼寚瀹氫粠缁撴灉闆嗗悎鐨勫紑澶磋繑鍥炵殑琛屾暟锛�

mysql> SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT 5;     # Retrieve first 5 rows

鎹㈠彞璇濊�达��LIMIT n涓�LIMIT 0,n绛変环銆�

瀵逛簬宸查�勫�囩殑璇�鍙ワ紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄤ綅缃�淇濇寔绗︺�備互涓嬭��鍙ュ皢浠�tb1琛ㄤ腑杩斿洖涓�琛岋細

mysql> SET @a=1;

mysql> PREPARE STMT FROM "SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT ?";

mysql> EXECUTE STMT USING @a;

浠ヤ笅璇�鍙ュ皢浠�tb1琛ㄤ腑杩斿洖绗�浜屽埌绗�鍏�琛岋��

mysql> SET @skip=1; SET @numrows=5;

mysql> PREPARE STMT FROM "SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT ?, ?";

mysql> EXECUTE STMT USING @skip, @numrows;

路         SELECT...INTO OUTFILE 'file_name'褰㈠紡鐨�SELECT鍙�浠ユ妸琚�閫夋嫨鐨勮�屽啓鍏ヤ竴涓�鏂囦欢涓�銆傝�ユ枃浠惰��鍒涘缓鍒版湇鍔″櫒涓绘満涓婏紝鍥犳�ゆ偍蹇呴』鎷ユ湁FILE鏉冮檺锛屾墠鑳戒娇鐢ㄦ�よ��娉曘��file_name涓嶈兘鏄�涓�涓�鍘熸湁鐨勬枃浠躲�傚師鏈夋枃浠朵細闃绘��渚嬪�傗��/etc/passwd鈥濈殑鏂囦欢鍜屾暟鎹�搴撹〃琚�閿�姣併��

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SELECT...INTO OUTFILE鏄�LOAD DATA INFILE鐨勮ˉ璇�锛涚敤浜庤��鍙ョ��exort_options閮ㄥ垎鐨勮��娉曞寘鎷�閮ㄥ��FIELDS鍜�LINES瀛愬彞锛岃繖浜涘瓙鍙ヤ笌LOAD DATA INFILE璇�鍙ュ悓鏃朵娇鐢ㄣ�傝�峰弬瑙�13.2.5鑺傦紝鈥淟OAD DATA INFILE璇�娉曗��銆�

FIELDS ESCAPED BY鐢ㄤ簬鎺у埗濡備綍鍐欏叆鐗规畩瀛楃�︺�傚�傛��FIELDS ESCAPED BY瀛楃�︿笉鏄�绌哄瓧绗︼紝鍒欒��鐢ㄤ簬鍦ㄨ緭鍑轰腑瀵逛互涓嬪瓧绗﹁�惧墠缂�锛�

o        FIELDS ESCAPED BY瀛楃��

o        FIELDS [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY瀛楃��

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o        ASCII 0锛堝湪缂栧啓鏃舵帴鍦ㄨ浆涔夌�﹀悗闈㈢殑鏄�ASCII 鈥�0鈥欙紝鑰屼笉鏄�涓�涓�闆跺�煎瓧鑺傦級

濡傛灉FIELDS ESCAPED BY瀛楃�︽槸绌哄瓧绗︼紝鍒欐病鏈夊瓧绗﹁��杞�涔夛紝骞朵笖NULL琚�浣滀��NULL杈撳嚭锛岃�屼笉鏄�浣滀��\N杈撳嚭銆傛寚瀹氫竴涓�绌虹殑杞�涔夌�︿笉鏄�涓�涓�濂界殑涓绘剰銆傜壒鍒�鏄�褰撴偍鐨勬暟鎹�涓�鐨勫瓧娈靛�煎寘鍚�鍒氳��缁欎簣鐨勬竻鍗曚腑鐨勫瓧绗︽椂锛屾洿鏄�濡傛�ゃ��

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鍦ㄤ笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓�锛岀敓鎴愪竴涓�鏂囦欢锛屽悇鍊肩敤閫楀彿闅斿紑銆傝繖绉嶆牸寮忓彲浠ヨ��璁稿�氱▼搴忎娇鐢ㄣ��

SELECT a,b,a+b INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/result.text'

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'

FROM test_table;

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�INTO DUMPFILE浠ｆ浛INTO OUTFILE锛屽垯MySQL鍙�鎶婁竴琛屽啓鍏ュ埌鏂囦欢涓�锛屼笉瀵逛换浣曞垪鎴栬�岃繘琛岀粓姝�锛屼篃涓嶆墽琛屼换浣曡浆涔夊�勭悊銆傚�傛灉鎮ㄦ兂瑕佹妸涓�涓�BLOB鍊煎瓨鍌ㄥ埌鏂囦欢涓�锛屽垯杩欎釜璇�鍙ユ槸鏈夌敤鐨勩��

路         娉ㄩ噴锛氫换浣曠敱INTO OUTFILE鎴�INTO DUMPFILE鍒涘缓鐨勬枃浠堕兘鍙�浠ヨ��鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ富鏈轰笂鐨勬墍鏈夌敤鎴风紪鍐欍�傚師鍥犳槸锛�MySQL鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笉鑳藉垱寤鸿繖鏍风殑鏂囦欢锛屽嵆鏂囦欢鐨勬墍鏈夎�呬笉鏄�璇ユ枃浠惰繍琛屾椂鎵�灞炵殑鐢ㄦ埛锛堜换浣曟椂鍊欙紝鎮ㄩ兘涓嶈兘鍑轰簬姝ゅ師鍥犳垨鍑轰簬鍏跺畠鍘熷洜鎶�mysqld浣滀负鏍规�佃繍琛岋級銆傝�ユ枃浠跺繀椤绘槸鍏ㄥ眬鍙�鍐欑殑锛岃繖鏍锋偍灏卞彲浠ユ搷浣滃叾涓�鐨勫唴瀹广��

路         鏈夌殑杩囩▼搴斿湪缁撴灉闆嗗悎鍐呭�勭悊鏁版嵁銆�PROCEDURE瀛愬彞鐢ㄤ簬瀵硅繖浜涜繃绋嬭繘琛屽懡鍚嶃�傝�佷簡瑙ｇず渚嬶紝璇峰弬瑙�27.3.1鑺傦紝鈥滄�ラ�ゅ垎鏋愨��銆�

路         瀛樺偍寮曟搸浣跨敤椤甸潰鎴栬�岄攣銆傚�傛灉鎮ㄥ�瑰瓨鍌ㄥ紩鎿庝娇鐢�FOR UPDATE锛屽垯鍙楀埌鏌ヨ�㈡��楠岀殑琛屼細琚�杩涜�屽啓閿佸畾锛岀洿鍒板綋鍓嶄簨鍔＄粨鏉熶负姝��備娇鐢�LOCK IN SHARE MODE鍙�浠ヨ�剧疆涓�涓�鍏变韩閿併�傚叡浜�閿佸彲浠ラ槻姝㈠叾瀹冧簨鍔℃洿鏂版垨鍒犻櫎琚�妫�楠岀殑琛屻�傝�峰弬瑙�15.2.10.5鑺傦紝鈥滈攣瀹氳�诲彇SELECT ... FOR UPDATE鍜孲ELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE鈥�銆�

鍦�SELECT鍏抽敭璇嶇殑鍚庨潰锛屾偍鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢ㄨ�稿�氶�夐」銆傝繖浜涢�夐」鍙�浠ュ奖鍝嶈��鍙ョ殑杩愯�屻��

ALL, DISTINCT鍜�DISTINCTROW閫夐」鎸囧畾鏄�鍚﹂噸澶嶈�屽簲琚�杩斿洖銆傚�傛灉杩欎簺閫夐」娌℃湁琚�缁欏畾锛屽垯榛樿�ゅ�间负ALL锛堟墍鏈夌殑鍖归厤琛岃��杩斿洖锛夈��DISTINCT鍜�DISTINCTROW鏄�鍚屼箟璇嶏紝鐢ㄤ簬鎸囧畾缁撴灉闆嗗悎涓�鐨勯噸澶嶈�屽簲琚�鍒犻櫎銆�

HIGH_PRIORITY, STRAIGHT_JOIN鍜屼互SQL_涓哄紑澶寸殑閫夐」鏄�MySQL鐩稿�逛簬鏍囧��SQL鐨勬墿灞曘��

路         HIGH_PRIORITY缁欎簣SELECT鏇撮珮鐨勪紭鍏堟潈锛岄珮浜庣敤浜庢洿鏂拌〃鐨勮��鍙ャ�傛偍搴旇�ュ彧瀵规煡璇�浣跨敤HIGH_PRIORITY銆傛煡璇㈤�熷害闈炲父蹇�锛岃�屼笖绔嬪埢琚�鎵ц�屻��SELECT HIGH_PRIORITY鏌ヨ�㈠湪琛ㄨ��閿佸畾鐢ㄤ簬璇诲彇鏃惰��鍙戝嚭銆傚嵆浣挎湁涓�涓�鏂扮殑璇�鍙ユ�ｅ湪绛夊緟琛ㄥ彉涓虹┖闂诧紝鏌ヨ��涔熶細杩愯�屻��

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路         STRAIGHT_JOIN鐢ㄤ簬淇冧娇浼樺寲绗︽妸琛ㄨ仈鍚堝湪涓�璧凤紝椤哄簭鎸夌収杩欎簺琛ㄥ湪FROM瀛愬彞涓�鎺掑垪鐨勯『搴忋�傚�傛灉浼樺寲绗﹁仈鍚堣〃鏃堕『搴忎笉浣筹紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢�STRAIGHT_JOIN鏉ュ姞蹇�鏌ヨ�㈢殑閫熷害銆傝�峰弬瑙�7.2.1鑺傦紝鈥淓XPLAIN璇�娉曪紙鑾峰彇鍏充簬SELECT鐨勪俊鎭�锛�鈥�銆�STRAIGHT_JOIN涔熷彲浠ヨ��鐢ㄤ簬table_references娓呭崟涓�銆傝�峰弬瑙�13.2.7.1鑺傦紝鈥淛OIN璇�娉曗��銆�

路         SQL_BIG_RESULT鍙�浠ヤ��GROUP BY鎴�DISTINCT鍚屾椂浣跨敤锛屾潵鍛婄煡浼樺寲绗︾粨鏋滈泦鍚堟湁寰堝�氳�屻�傚湪杩欑�嶆儏鍐典笅锛�MySQL鐩存帴浣跨敤浠ョ�佺洏涓哄熀纭�鐨勪复鏃惰〃锛堝�傛灉闇�瑕佺殑璇濓級銆傚湪杩欑�嶆儏鍐典笅锛�MySQL杩樹細浼樺厛杩涜�屽垎绫伙紝涓嶄紭鍏堜娇鐢ㄤ复鏃惰〃銆備复鏃惰〃瀵逛簬GROUP BY缁勫垎甯︽湁鍏抽敭瀛椼��

路         SQL_BUFFER_RESULT淇冧娇缁撴灉琚�鏀惧叆涓�涓�涓存椂琛ㄤ腑銆傝繖鍙�浠ュ府鍔�MySQL鎻愬墠瑙ｅ紑琛ㄩ攣瀹氾紝鍦ㄩ渶瑕佽姳璐硅緝闀挎椂闂寸殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝涔熷彲浠ュ府鍔╂妸缁撴灉闆嗗悎鍙戦�佸埌瀹㈡埛绔�涓�銆�

路         SQL_SMALL_RESULT鍙�浠ヤ��GROUP BY鎴�DISTINCT鍚屾椂浣跨敤锛屾潵鍛婄煡浼樺寲绗︾粨鏋滈泦鍚堟槸杈冨皬鐨勩�傚湪姝ゆ儏鍐典笅锛�MySAL浣跨敤蹇�閫熶复鏃惰〃鏉ュ偍瀛樼敓鎴愮殑琛�锛岃�屼笉鏄�浣跨敤鍒嗙被銆傚湪MySQL 5.1涓�锛岄�氬父涓嶉渶瑕佽繖鏍枫��

路         SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS鍛婄煡MySQL璁＄畻鏈夊�氬皯琛屽簲浣嶄簬缁撴灉闆嗗悎涓�锛屼笉鑰冭檻浠讳綍LIMIT瀛愬彞銆傝�岀殑鏁扮洰鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢�SELECT FOUND_ROWS()鎭㈠�嶃�傝�峰弬瑙�12.9.3鑺傦紝鈥滀俊鎭�鍑芥暟鈥�銆�

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄦ�ｅ湪浣跨敤涓�涓�query_cache_type鍊硷紝鍊间负2鎴�DEMAND锛屽垯SQL_CACHE鍛婄煡MySQL鎶婃煡璇㈢粨鏋滃瓨鍌ㄥ湪鏌ヨ�㈢紦瀛樹腑銆傚�逛簬浣跨��UNION鐨勬煡璇㈡垨瀛愭煡璇�锛屾湰閫夐」浼氬奖鍝嶆煡璇�涓�鐨勬墍鏈�SELECT銆傝�峰弬瑙�5.13鑺傦紝鈥淢ySQL鏌ヨ�㈤珮閫熺紦鍐测��銆�

路         SQL_NO_CACHE鍛婄煡MySQL涓嶈�佹妸鏌ヨ�㈢粨鏋滃瓨鍌ㄥ湪鏌ヨ�㈢紦瀛樹腑銆傝�峰弬瑙�5.13鑺傦紝鈥淢ySQL鏌ヨ�㈤珮閫熺紦鍐测��銆傚�逛簬涓�涓�浣跨��UNION鎴栧瓙鏌ヨ�㈢殑鏌ヨ��锛屾湰閫夐」浼氬奖鍝嶆煡璇�涓�鐨�SELECT銆�

table_references:
    table_reference [, table_reference] 鈥�

table_reference:
    table_factor
  | join_table

table_factor:
    tbl_name [[AS] alias]
        [{USE|IGNORE|FORCE} INDEX (key_list)]
  | ( table_references )
  | { OJ table_reference LEFT OUTER JOIN table_reference
        ON conditional_expr }

join_table:
    table_reference [INNER | CROSS] JOIN table_factor [join_condition]
  | table_reference STRAIGHT_JOIN table_factor
  | table_reference STRAIGHT_JOIN table_factor ON condition
  | table_reference LEFT [OUTER] JOIN table_reference join_condition
  | table_reference NATURAL [LEFT [OUTER]] JOIN table_factor
  | table_reference RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN table_reference join_condition
  | table_reference NATURAL [RIGHT [OUTER]] JOIN table_factor

join_condition:
    ON conditional_expr
  | USING (column_list)

SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (t2, t3, t4)

                 ON (t2.a=t1.a AND t3.b=t1.b AND t4.c=t1.c)

SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (t2 CROSS JOIN t3 CROSS JOIN t4)

                 ON (t2.a=t1.a AND t3.b=t1.b AND t4.c=t1.c)

路                mysql> SELECT t1.name, t2.salary FROM employee AS t1, info AS t2

路                    ->        WHERE t1.name = t2.name;

路                mysql> SELECT t1.name, t2.salary FROM employee t1, info t2

路                    ->        WHERE t1.name = t2.name;

路                mysql> SELECT table1.* FROM table1

路                    ->        LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id=table2.id

路                    ->        WHERE table2.id IS NULL;

路                a LEFT JOIN b USING (c1,c2,c3)

mysql> SELECT * FROM table1,table2 WHERE table1.id=table2.id;

mysql> SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id=table2.id;

mysql> SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 USING (id);

mysql> SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id=table2.id

    ->          LEFT JOIN table3 ON table2.id=table3.id;

mysql> SELECT * FROM table1 USE INDEX (key1,key2)

    ->          WHERE key1=1 AND key2=2 AND key3=3;

mysql> SELECT * FROM table1 IGNORE INDEX (key3)

    ->          WHERE key1=1 AND key2=2 AND key3=3;

CREATE TABLE t1 (i INT, j INT);

CREATE TABLE t2 (k INT, j INT);

INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,1);

INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1,1);

SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t2;

SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 USING (j);

+------+------+------+------+

| i    | j    | k    | j    |

+------+------+------+------+

|    1 |    1 |    1 |    1 |

+------+------+------+------+

+------+------+------+------+

| i    | j    | k    | j    |

+------+------+------+------+

|    1 |    1 |    1 |    1 |

+------+------+------+------+

+------+------+------+

| j    | i    | k    |

+------+------+------+

|    1 |    1 |    1 |

+------+------+------+

+------+------+------+

| j    | i    | k    |

+------+------+------+

|    1 |    1 |    1 |

+------+------+------+

路                SELECT 鈥� FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t2 NATURAL JOIN t3;

SELECT 鈥� FROM t1, t2, t3

  WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t2.c = t3.c;

SELECT 鈥� FROM t1, t2, t3

  WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t2.c = t3.c AND t1.a = t3.a;

CREATE TABLE t1 (i1 INT, j1 INT);

CREATE TABLE t2 (i2 INT, j2 INT);

CREATE TABLE t3 (i3 INT, j3 INT);

INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,1);

INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1,1);

INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(1,1);

SELECT * FROM t1, t2 JOIN t3 ON (t1.i1 = t3.i3);

SELECT * FROM (t1, t2) JOIN t3 ON (t1.i1 = t3.i3);

CREATE TABLE t1 (i1 INT);

CREATE TABLE t2 (i2 INT);

CREATE TABLE t3 (i3 INT);

SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON (i1 = i3) JOIN t3;

SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 JOIN t3 ON (i1 = i3);

路                a LEFT JOIN b USING (c1,c2,c3)

路                a LEFT JOIN b ON a.c1=b.c1 AND a.c2=b.c2 AND a.c3=b.c3

o                     COALESCE(a.c1,b.c1), COALESCE(a.c2,b.c2), COALESCE(a.c3,b.c3)

a.c1, a.c2, a.c3, b.c1, b.c2, b.c3

SELECT ...

UNION [ALL | DISTINCT]

SELECT ...

[UNION [ALL | DISTINCT]

SELECT ...]

(SELECT a FROM tbl_name WHERE a=10 AND B=1)

UNION

(SELECT a FROM tbl_name WHERE a=11 AND B=2)

ORDER BY a LIMIT 10;

(SELECT a AS b FROM t) UNION (SELECT ...) ORDER BY b;

(SELECT a AS b FROM t) UNION (SELECT ...) ORDER BY a;

(SELECT a FROM tbl_name WHERE a=10 AND B=1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10)

UNION

(SELECT a FROM tbl_name WHERE a=11 AND B=2 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10);

mysql> SELECT REPEAT('a',1) UNION SELECT REPEAT('b',10);

+---------------+

| REPEAT('a',1) |

+---------------+

| a             |

| bbbbbbbbbb    |

+---------------+

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浠ヤ笅鏄�涓�涓�瀛愭煡璇㈢殑渚嬪瓙锛�

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2);

鍦ㄦ湰渚嬩腑锛�SELECT * FROM t1...鏄�澶栭儴鏌ヨ��锛堟垨澶栭儴璇�鍙ワ級,锛�SELECT column1 FROM t2锛夋槸瀛愭煡璇��傛垜浠�鍙�浠ヨ�村瓙鏌ヨ�㈠祵濂楀湪澶栭儴鏌ヨ��涓�銆傚疄闄呬笂锛屽瓙鏌ヨ��涔熷彲浠ュ祵濂楀湪鍏跺畠瀛愭煡璇�涓�锛屽祵濂楃▼搴﹀彲浠ュ緢娣便�傚瓙鏌ヨ�㈠繀椤昏�佷綅浜庡渾鎷�鍙蜂腑銆�

瀛愭煡璇㈢殑涓昏�佷紭鍔夸负锛�

路         瀛愭煡璇㈠厑璁哥粨鏋勫寲鐨勬煡璇�锛岃繖鏍峰氨鍙�浠ユ妸涓�涓�璇�鍙ョ殑姣忎釜閮ㄥ垎闅旂�诲紑銆�

路         鏈変簺鎿嶄綔闇�瑕佸�嶆潅鐨勮仈鍚堝拰鍏宠仈銆傚瓙鏌ヨ�㈡彁渚涗簡鍏跺畠鐨勬柟娉曟潵鎵ц�岃繖浜涙搷浣溿��

路         鍦ㄨ�稿�氫汉鐪嬫潵锛屽瓙鏌ヨ�㈡槸鍙�璇荤殑銆傚疄闄呬笂锛屽瓙鏌ヨ�㈢粰浜堜汉浠�璋冪敤鏃╂湡SQL鈥滅粨鏋勫寲鏌ヨ�㈣��瑷�鈥濈殑鍘熸湰鐨勬兂娉曪紝杩欐槸瀛愭煡璇㈢殑鍒涙柊銆�

浠ヤ笅鏄�涓�涓�绀轰緥璇�鍙ャ�傝�ヨ��鍙ユ樉绀轰簡鏈夊叧瀛愭煡璇㈣��娉曠殑瑕佺偣銆傚瓙鏌ヨ�㈣��娉曠��SQL鏍囧噯鎸囧畾骞惰��MySQL鏀�鎸併��

DELETE FROM t1

WHERE s11 > ANY

(SELECT COUNT(*) /* no hint */ FROM t2

WHERE NOT EXISTS

(SELECT * FROM t3

WHERE ROW(5*t2.s1,77)=

(SELECT 50,11*s1 FROM t4 UNION SELECT 50,77 FROM

(SELECT * FROM t5) AS t5)));

涓�涓�瀛愭煡璇�浼氳繑鍥炰竴涓�鏍囬噺锛堝崟涓�鍊硷級銆佷竴涓�琛屻�佷竴涓�鍒楁垨涓�涓�琛�锛堜竴琛屾垨澶氳�屽強涓�鍒楁垨澶氬垪锛夈�傝繖浜涘瓙鏌ヨ�㈣��绉颁负鏍囬噺銆佸垪銆佽�屽拰琛ㄥ瓙鏌ヨ瘈�傚彲杩斿洖涓�涓�鐗瑰畾绉嶇被缁撴灉鐨勫瓙鏌ヨ�㈢粡甯稿彧琚�鐢ㄤ簬鐗瑰畾鐨勮��澧冧腑锛屽湪鍚庨潰鍚勮妭涓�鏈夎�存槑銆�

鏈変簺璇�鍙ュ彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄥ瓙鏌ヨ瘈�傚�硅繖浜涜��鍙ョ殑绫诲瀷鍩烘湰娌℃湁闄愬畾銆傚瓙鏌ヨ�㈠彲浠ュ寘鎷�鏅�閫�SELECT鍙�浠ュ寘鎷�鐨勪换浣曞叧閿�璇嶆垨瀛愬彞锛�DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY, LIMIT, 鑱斿悎, 绱㈠紩鎻愮ず, UNION缁撴瀯鍖�, 璇勬敞鍜屽嚱鏁扮瓑銆�

鏈変竴涓�闄愬畾鏄�锛屼竴涓�瀛愭煡璇㈢殑澶栭儴璇�鍙ュ繀椤绘槸浠ヤ笅璇�鍙ヤ箣涓�锛�SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SET鎴�DO銆傝繕鏈変竴涓�闄愬畾鏄�锛岀洰鍓嶏紝鎮ㄤ笉鑳藉湪涓�涓�瀛愭煡璇�涓�淇�鏀逛竴涓�琛�锛屽張鍦ㄥ悓涓�涓�琛ㄤ腑閫夋嫨銆傝繖閫傜敤浜�DELETE, INSERT, REPLACE鍜�UPDATE璇�鍙ャ�傚湪闄勫綍I锛�鐗规�ч檺鍒�涓�缁欏嚭浜嗗�瑰瓙鏌ヨ��浣跨敤鐨勬洿缁煎悎鐨勮�ㄨ�恒��

CREATE TABLE t1 (s1 INT, s2 CHAR(5) NOT NULL);

INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(100, 'abcde');

SELECT (SELECT s2 FROM t1);

CREATE TABLE t1 (s1 INT);

INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1);

CREATE TABLE t2 (s1 INT);

INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (2);

SELECT (SELECT s1 FROM t2) FROM t1;

SELECT UPPER((SELECT s1 FROM t1)) FROM t2;

non_subquery_operand comparison_operator (subquery)

=  >  <  >=  <=  <>

  ... 'a' = (SELECT column1 FROM t1)

SELECT column1 FROM t1

WHERE column1 = (SELECT MAX(column2) FROM t2);

SELECT * FROM t1 AS t

WHERE 2 = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t1 WHERE t1.id = t.id);

operand comparison_operator ANY (subquery)

operand IN (subquery)

operand comparison_operator SOME (subquery)

SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 > ANY (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 = ANY (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 IN    (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 <> ANY  (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 <> SOME (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

operand comparison_operator ALL (subquery)

SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 > ALL (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 1 > ALL (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 1 > (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 1 > ALL (SELECT MAX(s1) FROM t2);

SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 <> ALL (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 NOT IN (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (1,2) = (SELECT column1, column2 FROM t2);

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE ROW(1,2) = (SELECT column1, column2 FROM t2);

  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (column1,column2) = (1,1);

  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = 1 AND column2 = 1;

SELECT column1,column2,column3

FROM t1

WHERE (column1,column2,column3) IN

(SELECT column1,column2,column3 FROM t2);

SELECT column1 FROM t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM t2);

路                SELECT DISTINCT store_type FROM stores

路                  WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM cities_stores

路                                WHERE cities_stores.store_type = stores.store_type);

路                SELECT DISTINCT store_type FROM stores

路                  WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM cities_stores

路                                    WHERE cities_stores.store_type = stores.store_type);

路                SELECT DISTINCT store_type FROM stores s1

路                  WHERE NOT EXISTS (

路                    SELECT * FROM cities WHERE NOT EXISTS (

路                      SELECT * FROM cities_stores

路                       WHERE cities_stores.city = cities.city

路                       AND cities_stores.store_type = stores.store_type));

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = ANY

(SELECT column1 FROM t2 WHERE t2.column2 = t1.column2);

SELECT column1 FROM t1 AS x

WHERE x.column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2 AS x

WHERE x.column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t3

WHERE x.column2 = t3.column1));

val IN (SELECT key_val FROM tbl_name WHERE correlated_condition)

SELECT ... FROM (subquery) [AS] name ...

CREATE TABLE t1 (s1 INT, s2 CHAR(5), s3 FLOAT);

INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1,'1',1.0);

INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2,'2',2.0);

SELECT sb1,sb2,sb3

FROM (SELECT s1 AS sb1, s2 AS sb2, s3*2 AS sb3 FROM t1) AS sb

WHERE sb1 > 1;

SELECT AVG(SUM(column1)) FROM t1 GROUP BY column1;

SELECT AVG(sum_column1)

FROM (SELECT SUM(column1) AS sum_column1

FROM t1 GROUP BY column1) AS t1;

路                ERROR 1241 (ER_OPERAND_COL)

路                SQLSTATE = 21000

路                Message = "Operand should contain 1 column(s)"

SELECT (SELECT column1, column2 FROM t2) FROM t1;

路                ERROR 1242 (ER_SUBSELECT_NO_1_ROW)

路                SQLSTATE = 21000

路                Message = "Subquery returns more than 1 row"

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2);

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = ANY (SELECT column1 FROM t2);

路                Error 1093 (ER_UPDATE_TABLE_USED)

路                SQLSTATE = HY000

路                Message = "You can't specify target table 'x'

路                for update in FROM clause"

UPDATE t1 SET column2 = (SELECT MAX(column1) FROM t1);

路                SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.column1 IN

路                (SELECT column1 FROM t2 ORDER BY column1);

路                SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.column1 IN

路                (SELECT DISTINCT column1 FROM t2);

路                SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE EXISTS

路                (SELECT * FROM t2 LIMIT 1);

路                SELECT DISTINCT column1 FROM t1 WHERE t1.column1 IN (

路                SELECT column1 FROM t2);

SELECT DISTINCT t1.column1 FROM t1, t2

WHERE t1.column1 = t2.column1;

路                SELECT * FROM t1

路                WHERE s1 IN (SELECT s1 FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT * FROM t1

WHERE s1 IN (SELECT s1 FROM t1) OR s1 IN (SELECT s1 FROM t2);

SELECT (SELECT column1 + 5 FROM t1) FROM t2;

SELECT (SELECT column1 FROM t1) + 5 FROM t2;

路                SELECT * FROM t1

路                WHERE (column1,column2) IN (SELECT column1,column2 FROM t2);

SELECT * FROM t1

WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE t2.column1=t1.column1

AND t2.column2=t1.column2);

路                SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.col_name

路                = (SELECT a FROM t2 WHERE b = some_const);

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.col_name

IN (SELECT a FROM t2 WHERE b = some_const);

路                ... IN (SELECT indexed_column FROM single_table ...)

路                value {ALL|ANY|SOME} {> | < | >= | <=} (non-correlated subquery)

WHERE 5 > ALL (SELECT x FROM t)

WHERE 5 > (SELECT MAX(x) FROM t)

TRUNCATE [TABLE] tbl_name

Single-table璇�娉曪��

UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] tbl_name

    SET col_name1=expr1 [, col_name2=expr2 ...]

    [WHERE where_definition]

    [ORDER BY ...]

    [LIMIT row_count]

Multiple-table璇�娉曪��

UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_references

    SET col_name1=expr1 [, col_name2=expr2 ...]

    [WHERE where_definition]

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UPDATE璇�鍙ユ敮鎸佷互涓嬩慨楗扮�︼細

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�LOW_PRIORITY鍏抽敭璇嶏紝鍒�UPDATE鐨勬墽琛岃��寤惰繜浜嗭紝鐩村埌娌℃湁鍏跺畠鐨勫�㈡埛绔�浠庤〃涓�璇诲彇涓烘瓈��

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢�IGNORE鍏抽敭璇嶏紝鍒欏嵆浣垮湪鏇存柊杩囩▼涓�鍑虹幇閿欒��锛屾洿鏂拌��鍙ヤ篃涓嶄細涓�鏂�銆傚�傛灉鍑虹幇浜嗛噸澶嶅叧閿�瀛楀啿绐侊紝鍒欒繖浜涜�屼笉浼氳��鏇存柊銆傚�傛灉鍒楄��鏇存柊鍚庯紝鏂板�间細瀵艰嚧鏁版嵁杞�鍖栭敊璇�锛屽垯杩欎簺琛岃��鏇存柊涓烘渶鎺ヨ繎鐨勫悎娉曠殑鍊笺��

濡傛灉鎮ㄥ湪涓�涓�琛ㄨ揪寮忎腑閫氳繃tbl_name璁块棶涓�鍒楋紝鍒�UPDATE浣跨敤鍒椾腑鐨勫綋鍓嶅�笺�備緥濡傦紝浠ヤ笅璇�鍙ユ妸骞撮緞鍒楄�剧疆涓烘瘮褰撳墠鍊煎�氫竴锛�

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mysql> UPDATE persondata SET age=age*2, age=age+1;

濡傛灉鎮ㄦ妸涓�鍒楄�剧疆涓哄叾褰撳墠鍚�鏈夌殑鍊硷紝鍒�MySQL浼氭敞鎰忓埌杩欎竴鐐癸紝浣嗕笉浼氭洿鏂般��

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鎮ㄤ篃鍙�浠ユ墽琛屽寘鎷�澶氫釜琛ㄧ殑UPDATE鎿嶄綔銆�table_references瀛愬彞鍒楀嚭浜嗗湪鑱斿悎涓�鍖呭惈鐨勮〃銆傝�ヨ��娉曞��13.2.7.1鑺傦紝鈥淛OIN璇�娉曗��涓�杩涜�屼簡璇存槑銆備互涓嬫槸涓�涓�渚嬪瓙锛�

UPDATE items,month SET items.price=month.price

WHERE items.id=month.id;

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{DESCRIBE | DESC} tbl_name [col_name | wild]

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瑙�13.5.4.3鑺傦紝鈥淪HOW COLUMNS璇�娉曗��銆�

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mysql> DESCRIBE city;

+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field      | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |

+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Id         | int(11)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |

| Name       | char(35) | NO   |     |         |                |

| Country    | char(3)  | NO   | UNI |         |                |

| District   | char(20) | YES  | MUL |         |                |

| Population | int(11)  | NO   |     | 0       |                |

+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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USE db_name

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mysql> USE db1;

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable;   # selects from db1.mytable

mysql> USE db2;

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable;   # selects from db2.mytable

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mysql> USE db1;

mysql> SELECT author_name,editor_name FROM author,db2.editor

    ->        WHERE author.editor_id = db2.editor.editor_id;

USE璇�鍙ヨ��璁剧珛鍑烘潵锛岀敤浜庝��Sybase鐩稿吋瀹广��

START TRANSACTION | BEGIN [WORK]

COMMIT [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]

ROLLBACK [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]

SET AUTOCOMMIT = {0 | 1}

START TRANSACTION鎴�BEGIN璇�鍙ュ彲浠ュ紑濮嬩竴椤规柊鐨勪簨鍔°��COMMIT鍙�浠ユ彁浜ゅ綋鍓嶄簨鍔★紝鏄�鍙樻洿鎴愪负姘镐箙鍙樻洿銆�ROLLBACK鍙�浠� 鍥炴粴褰撳墠浜嬪姟锛屽彇娑堝叾鍙樻洿銆�SET AUTOCOMMIT璇�鍙ュ彲浠ョ�佺敤鎴栧惎鐢ㄩ粯璁ょ殑autocommit妯″紡锛岀敤浜庡綋鍓嶈繛鎺ャ��

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AND CHAIN瀛愬彞浼氬湪褰撳墠浜嬪姟缁撴潫鏃讹紝绔嬪埢鍚�鍔ㄤ竴涓�鏂颁簨鍔★紝骞朵笖鏂颁簨鍔′笌鍒氱粨鏉熺殑浜嬪姟鏈夌浉鍚岀殑闅旂�荤瓑绾с��RELEASE瀛愬彞鍦ㄧ粓姝�浜嗗綋鍓嶄簨鍔″悗锛屼細璁╂湇鍔″櫒鏂�寮�涓庡綋鍓嶅�㈡埛绔�鐨勮繛鎺ャ�傚寘鍚�NO鍏抽敭璇嶅彲浠ユ姂鍒�CHAIN鎴�RELEASE瀹屾垚銆傚�傛��completion_type绯荤粺鍙橀噺琚�璁剧疆涓轰竴瀹氱殑鍊硷紝浣胯繛閿佹垨閲婃斁瀹屾垚鍙�浠ラ粯璁よ繘琛岋紝姝ゆ��NO鍏抽敭璇嶆湁鐢ㄣ��

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SET AUTOCOMMIT=0;

閫氳繃鎶�AUTOCOMMIT鍙橀噺璁剧疆涓洪浂锛岀�佺��autocommit妯″紡涔嬪悗锛屾偍蹇呴』浣跨敤COMMIT鎶婂彉鏇村瓨鍌ㄥ埌纾佺洏涓�锛屾垨鐫�濡傛灉鎮ㄦ兂瑕佸拷鐣ヤ粠浜嬪姟寮�濮嬭繘琛屼互鏉ュ仛鍑虹殑鍙樻洿锛屼娇鐢�ROLLBACK銆�

濡傛灉鎮ㄦ兂瑕佸�逛簬涓�涓�鍗曚竴绯诲垪鐨勮��鍙ョ�佺��autocommit妯″紡锛屽垯鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢�START TRANSACTION璇�鍙ワ��

START TRANSACTION;

SELECT @A:=SUM(salary) FROM table1 WHERE type=1;

UPDATE table2 SET summary=@A WHERE type=1;

COMMIT;

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鎮ㄤ篃鍙�浠ユ寜鐓у�備笅鏂规硶寮�濮嬩竴椤逛簨鍔★細

START TRANSACTION WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT;

WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT瀛愬彞鐢ㄤ簬鍚�鍔ㄤ竴涓�涓�鑷寸殑璇诲彇锛岀敤浜庡叿鏈夋�ょ被鍔熻兘鐨勫瓨鍌ㄥ紩鎿庛�傜洰鍓嶏紝璇ュ瓙鍙ュ彧閫傜敤浜�InnoDB銆傝�ュ瓙鍙ョ殑鏁堟灉涓庡彂甯冧竴涓�START TRANSACTION锛屽悗闈㈣窡涓�涓�鏉ヨ嚜浠讳��InnoDB琛ㄧ殑SELECT鐨勬晥鏋滀竴鏍枫�傝�峰弬瑙�15.2.10.4鑺傦紝鈥滀竴鑷寸殑闈為攣瀹氳�烩��銆�

寮�濮嬩竴椤逛簨鍔′細閫犳垚涓�涓�闅愬惈鐨�UNLOCK TABLES琚�鎵ц�屻��

涓轰簡鑾峰緱鏈�濂界殑缁撴灉锛屼簨鍔″簲鍙�浣跨敤鐢卞崟涓�浜嬪姟瀛樺偍寮曟搸绠＄悊鐨勮〃鎵ц�屻�傚惁鍒欙紝浼氬嚭鐜颁互涓嬮棶棰橈細

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ殑琛ㄦ潵鑷�澶氫釜浜嬪姟瀹夊叏鍨嬪瓨鍌ㄥ紩鎿庯紙渚嬪��InnoDB鍜�BDB锛夛紝骞朵笖浜嬪姟闅旂�荤瓑绾т笉鏄�SERIALIZABLE锛屽垯鏈夊彲鑳藉綋涓�涓�浜嬪姟鎻愪氦鏃讹紝鍏跺畠姝ｅ湪杩涜�屼腑鐨勩�佷娇鐢ㄥ悓鏍风殑琛ㄧ殑浜嬪姟灏嗗彧浼氬彂鐢熺敱绗�涓�涓�浜嬪姟浜х敓鐨勫彉鏇淬�備篃灏辨槸锛岀敤娣峰悎寮曟搸涓嶈兘淇濊瘉浜嬪姟鐨勫師瀛愭�э紝骞朵細閫犳垚涓嶄竴鑷淬�傦紙濡傛灉娣峰悎寮曟搸浜嬪姟涓嶇粡甯告湁锛屽垯鎮ㄥ彲浠ユ牴鎹�闇�瑕佷娇鐢�SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL鎶婇殧绂荤瓑绾ц�剧疆鍒�SERIALIZABLE銆傦級

路         濡傛灉鎮ㄥ湪浜嬪姟涓�浣跨敤闈炰簨鍔″畨鍏ㄥ瀷琛�锛屽垯瀵硅繖浜涜〃鐨勪换浣曞彉鏇磋��绔嬪埢瀛樺偍锛屼笉璁�autocommit妯″紡鐨勭姸鎬佸�備綍銆�

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姣忎釜浜嬪姟琚�瀛樺偍鍦ㄤ竴涓�缁勫潡涓�鐨勪簩杩涘埗鏃ュ織涓�锛屽��COMMIT涔嬩笂銆傝��鍥炴粴鐨勪簨鍔′笉琚�璁″叆鏃ュ織銆傦紙渚嬪�栨儏鍐碉細瀵归潪浜嬪姟琛ㄧ殑鏇存敼涓嶄細琚� 鍥炴粴銆傚�傛灉涓�涓�琚�鍥炴粴鐨勪簨鍔″寘鎷�瀵归潪浜嬪姟琛ㄧ殑鏇存敼锛屽垯鏁翠釜浜嬪姟浣跨敤涓�涓�鍦ㄦ湯绔�鐨�ROLLBACK璇�鍙ヨ�″叆鏃ュ織锛屼互纭�淇濆�硅繖浜涜〃鐨勬洿鏀硅繘琛屽�嶅埗銆傦級瑙�5.11.3鑺傦紝鈥滀簩杩涘埗鏃ュ織鈥�銆�

鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢�SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL鏇存敼浜嬪姟鐨勯殧绂荤瓑绾с�傝�峰弬瑙�13.4.6鑺傦紝鈥淪ET TRANSACTION璇�娉曗��銆�

鍥炴粴鍙�浠ユ參閫熻繍琛屻�傚湪鐢ㄦ埛娌℃湁鏄庣‘瑕佹眰鏃讹紝涔熷彲浠ヨ繘琛屽洖婊氾紙渚嬪�傦紝褰撻敊璇�鍙戠敓鏃讹級銆傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄦ槑纭�鍦板拰闅愬惈鐨勶��ROLLBACK SQL鍛戒护锛夊洖婊氭椂锛�SHOW PROCESSLIST浼氬湪Stage鍒椾腑鏄剧ずRolling back锛岀敤浜庤繛鎺ャ��

鏈変簺璇�鍙ヤ笉鑳借��鍥炴粴銆傞�氬父锛岃繖浜涜��鍙ュ寘鎷�鏁版嵁瀹氫箟璇�瑷�锛�DDL锛夎��鍙ワ紝姣斿�傚垱寤烘垨鍙栨秷鏁版嵁搴撶殑璇�鍙ワ紝鍜屽垱寤恒�佸彇娑堟垨鏇存敼琛ㄦ垨瀛樺偍鐨勫瓙绋嬪簭鐨勮��鍙ャ��

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浠ヤ笅璇�鍙ワ紙浠ュ強鍚屼箟璇嶏級鍧囬殣鍚�鍦扮粨鏉熶竴涓�浜嬪姟锛屼技涔庢槸鍦ㄦ墽琛屾湰璇�鍙ュ墠锛屾偍宸茬粡杩涜�屼簡涓�涓�COMMIT銆�