Chapter聽4.聽Using MySQL Programs - MySQL 5.1参考手册中文版

鍦ㄥ懡浠よ�屼腑鎸囧畾鐨勭▼搴忛�夐」閬典粠涓嬭堪瑙勫垯锛�

路         鍦ㄥ懡浠ゅ悕鍚庨潰绱ц窡閫夐」銆�

路         閫夐」鍙傞噺浠ヤ竴涓�鍜屼袱涓�鐮存姌鍙峰紑濮嬶紝鍙栧喅浜庡畠鍏锋湁鐭�鍚嶈繕鏄�闀垮悕銆傝�稿�氶�夐」鏈変袱绉嶅舰寮忋�備緥濡傦紝-?鍜�--help鏄�鎸囧��MySQL绋嬪簭鏄剧ず甯�鍔╂秷鎭�鐨勯�夐」鐨勭煭鍚嶅拰闀垮悕銆�

路         閫夐」鍚嶅�瑰ぇ灏忓啓鏁忔劅銆�-v鍜�-V鍧囨湁鏁堬紝浣嗗叿鏈変笉鍚岀殑鍚�涔夈��(瀹冧滑鏄�--verbose鍜�--version閫夐」鐨勭煭鍚嶏級銆�

路         閮ㄥ垎閫夐」鍦ㄩ�夐」鍚嶅悗闈㈢揣闅忛�夐」鍊笺�備緥濡傦紝-h localhost鎴�--host=localhost琛ㄧず瀹㈡埛绋嬪簭鐨�MySQL鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ富鏈恒�傞�夐」鍊煎彲浠ュ憡璇夌▼搴�MySQL鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繍琛岀殑涓绘満鍚嶃��

路         瀵逛簬甯﹂�夐」鍊肩殑闀块�夐」锛岄�氳繃涓�涓�鈥�=鈥欏皢閫夐」鍚嶅拰鍊奸殧绂诲紑鏉ャ�傚�逛簬甯﹂�夐」鍊肩殑鐭�閫夐」锛岄�夐」鍊煎彲浠ョ揣闅忛�夐」瀛楁瘝鍚庨潰锛屾垨鑰呬簩鑰呬箣闂村彲浠ョ敤涓�涓�绌烘牸闅斿紑銆�(-hlocalhost鍜�-h localhost鏄�绛夋晥鐨勶級銆�璇ヨ�勫垯鐨勪緥澶栨儏鍐垫槸鎸囧畾MySQL瀵嗙爜鐨勯�夐」銆傝�ラ�夐」鐨勫舰寮忓彲浠ヤ负--password=pass_val鎴�--password銆傚湪鍚庝竴绉嶆儏鍐�(鏈�缁欏嚭 瀵嗙爜鍊�)锛岀▼搴忓皢鎻愮ず杈撳叆瀵嗙爜銆備篃鍙�浠ョ粰鍑哄瘑鐮侀�夐」锛岀煭褰㈠紡涓�-ppass_val鎴�-p銆傜劧鑰岋紝瀵逛簬鐭�褰㈠紡锛屽�傛灉缁欏嚭浜� 瀵嗙爜鍊硷紝蹇呴』绱ц窡鍦ㄩ�夐」鍚庨潰锛�涓�闂翠笉鑳芥彃鍏ョ┖鏍�銆傝繖鏍疯�佹眰鐨勫師鍥犳槸濡傛灉閫夐」鍚庨潰鏈夌┖鏍硷紝绋嬪簭娌℃湁鍔炴硶鏉ュ憡鐭ュ悗闈㈢殑鍙傞噺鏄� 瀵嗙爜鍊艰繕鏄�鍏跺畠鏌愮�嶅弬閲忋�傚洜姝わ紝涓嬮潰涓や釜鍛戒护鐨勫惈涔夊畬鍏ㄤ笉鍚岋細

路                shell> mysql -ptest

路                shell> mysql -p test

绗�涓�涓�鍛戒护璁�mysql浣跨敤瀵嗙爜test锛屼絾娌℃湁鎸囧畾榛樿�ゆ暟鎹�搴撱�傜��浜屼釜鍛戒护璁�mysql鎻愮ず杈撳叆 瀵嗙爜骞朵娇鐢�test浣滀负榛樿�ゆ暟鎹�搴撱��

閮ㄥ垎閫夐」鎺у埗鍙�浠ュ紑鍏崇殑琛屼负銆備緥濡傦紝mysql瀹㈡埛绔�鏀�鎸�--column-names閫夐」锛岀‘瀹氭槸鍚﹀湪鏌ヨ�㈢粨鏋滃紑澶存樉绀轰竴琛屾爮鐩�鍚嶃�傞粯璁ゆ儏鍐碉紝璇ラ�夐」琚�鍚�鐢ㄣ�備絾鏄�鍙�鑳藉湪鏌愪簺鎯呭喌涓嬩綘鎯宠�佺�佺敤瀹冿紝渚嬪�傚皢mysql鐨勮緭鍑哄彂閫佸埌鍙︿竴涓�鍙�甯屾湜鐪嬪埌鏁版嵁鑰屼笉甯屾湜鐪嬪埌寮�濮嬬殑鏍囬�樿�岀殑绋嬪簭涓�銆�

瑕佹兂绂佺敤鍒楀悕锛屽彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄤ笅闈㈢殑褰㈠紡鏉ユ寚瀹氶�夐」锛�

--disable-column-names

--skip-column-names

--column-names=0

--disable鍜�--skip鍓嶇紑涓�=0鍚庣紑鐨勬晥鏋滅浉鍚岋細瀹冧滑鍧囧叧闂�閫夐」銆�

鍙�浠ョ敤涓嬭堪鏂规硶鈥�鍚�鐢�鈥濋�夐」锛�

--column-names

--enable-column-names

--column-names=1

濡傛灉閫夐」鏈夊墠缂�--loose锛屽�傛灉绋嬪簭鏈�璇嗗埆鍑洪�夐」涓嶄細鎻愮ず閿欒��閫�鍑猴紝浣嗘槸浼氬彂鍑轰竴鏉¤�﹀憡锛�

shell> mysql --loose-no-such-option

mysql: WARNING: unknown option '--no-such-option'

褰撲綘浠庡畨瑁呬簡澶氫釜MySQL鐨勫悓涓�鍙版満鍣ㄤ笂杩愯�岀▼搴忔椂锛�--loose鍓嶇紑浼氬緢鏈夌敤銆傚綋浣犲湪涓�涓�閫夐」鏂囦欢涓�鍒楀嚭閫夐」鏃讹紝璇ュ墠缂�浼氱壒鍒�鏈夌敤銆傛湁鍙�鑳戒笉鑳借��绋嬪簭鐨勬墍鏈夌増鏈�璇嗗埆鐨勯�夐」鍙�浠ュ啝浠�--loose鍓嶇紑(鎴栧湪閫夐」鏂囦欢涓�鐢�loose)銆備笉鑳借瘑鍒�閫夐」鐨勭▼搴忕増鏈�灏嗕細鍙戝嚭涓�鏉¤�﹀憡骞跺拷瑙嗚�ラ�夐」銆�

瀵�mysql鍋跺皵鏈夌敤鐨勫彟涓�涓�閫夐」鏄�-e鎴�--execute閫夐」锛屽彲鐢ㄦ潵灏�SQL璇�鍙ヤ紶閫掔粰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ�傝�ヨ��鍙ュ繀椤荤敤寮曞彿寮曡捣鏉�(鍗曞紩鍙锋垨鍙屽紩鍙�)銆�(鐒惰�岋紝濡傛灉鎯宠�佸湪鏌ヨ��涓�灏嗗�煎紩璧锋潵锛屽垯瀵逛簬鏌ヨ�㈠簲浣跨敤鍙屽紩鍙凤紝鏌ヨ��涓�寮曠敤鐨勫�煎簲浣跨敤鍗曞紩鍙凤級銆�褰撲娇鐢ㄨ�ラ�夐」鏃讹紝璇�鍙ヨ��鎵ц�岋紝鐒跺悗mysql绔嬪嵆閫�鍑哄懡浠ゅ�栧３銆�

渚嬪�傦紝浣犲彲浠ョ敤涓嬮潰鐨勫懡浠よ幏寰楃敤鎴疯处鎴峰垪琛�锛�

shell> mysql -u root -p -e "SELECT User, Host FROM User" mysql

Enter password: ******

+------+-----------+

| User | Host      |

+------+-----------+

|      | gigan     |

| root | gigan     |

|      | localhost |

| jon  | localhost |

| root | localhost |

+------+-----------+

shell>

璇锋敞鎰�mysql鏁版嵁搴撳悕浣滀负涓�涓�鐙�绔嬬殑鍙傞噺浼犻�掋�傜劧鑰岋紝鐩稿悓鐨勬煡璇㈠彲鑳藉凡缁忎娇鐢�mysql -u root -p -e "SELECT User锛�Host FROM mysql.User"浠庡�栧３涓�鎵ц�屻��

鍙�浠ユ寜杩欑�嶆柟寮忎紶閫掑�氫釜SQL璇�鍙ワ紝鐢ㄥ垎鍙烽殧寮�锛�

shell> mysql -u root -p --execute="SELECT Name FROM Country WHERE Name LIKE 'AU%';SELECT COUNT(*) FROM City" world

Enter password: ******

+-----------+

| Name      |

+-----------+

| Australia |

| Austria   |

+-----------+

+----------+

| COUNT(*) |

+----------+

|     4079 |

+----------+

璇锋敞鎰忛暱褰㈠紡(--execute)鍚庨潰蹇呴』绱ц窡涓�涓�绛夊彿(=)銆�

-e閫夐」涔熷彲浠ヤ互绫讳技鏂瑰紡鐢ㄦ潵灏嗗懡浠や紶閫掔粰MySQL绨囩殑ndb_mgm绠＄悊瀹㈡埛绔�銆傜浉鍏充緥瀛愬弬瑙�17.3.6鑺傦紝鈥滃畨鍏ㄥ叧闂�鍜岄噸鍚�鈥�銆�

MySQL绋嬪簭鍙�浠ヤ粠閫夐」鏂囦欢(鏈夋椂涔熺О涓洪厤缃�鏂囦欢)璇诲彇鍚�鍔ㄩ�夐」銆傞�夐」鏂囦欢鎻愪緵浜嗕竴绉嶅緢鏂逛究鐨勬柟寮忔潵鎸囧畾甯哥敤鐨勯�夐」锛屽洜姝や笉闇�瑕佹瘡娆¤繍琛岀▼搴忔椂浠庡懡浠よ�岃緭鍏ャ��

涓嬮潰鐨勭▼搴忔敮鎸侀�夐」鏂囦欢锛�myisamchk銆�myisampack銆�mysql銆�mysql.server銆�mysqladmin銆�mysqlbinlog銆�mysqlcc銆�mysqlcheck銆�mysqld_safe銆�mysqldump銆�mysqld銆�mysqlhotcopy銆�mysqlimport鍜�mysqlshow銆�

娉ㄩ噴锛�MySQL绨囩▼搴忎娇鐢ㄧ殑閫夐」鏂囦欢鍙傝��17.4鑺傦紝鈥淢ySQL绨囩殑閰嶇疆鈥�銆�

鍦�Windows涓�锛�MySQL绋嬪簭浠庝互涓嬫枃浠惰�诲彇鍚�鍔ㄩ�夐」锛�

鏂囦欢鍚�	鐩�鐨�
WINDIR\my.ini	鍏ㄥ眬閫夐」
C:\my.cnf	鍏ㄥ眬閫夐」
INSTALLDIR\my.ini	鍏ㄥ眬閫夐」
defaults-extra-file	鐢�--defaults-extra-file=path鎸囧畾鐨勬枃浠讹紝濡傛灉鏈�

WINDIR琛ㄧずWindows鐩�褰曠殑浣嶇疆銆傞�氬父涓�C:\WINDOWS鎴�C:\WINNT銆備綘鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢ㄤ笅闈㈢殑鍛戒护閫氳繃鐜�澧冨彉閲�WINDIR鐨勫�肩‘瀹氬叾纭�鍒囦綅缃�锛�

C:\> echo %WINDIR%

INSTALLDIR琛ㄧずMySQL鐨勫畨瑁呯洰褰曘�備竴鑸�涓�C:\PROGRAMDIR\MySQL\MySQL 5.1 Server锛屽叾涓�PROGRAMDIR琛ㄧず绋嬪簭鐩�褰�(閫氬父涓�Windows鑻辨枃鐗堢殑Program Files)锛�MySQL 5.1鐨勫畨瑁呮槸鏍规嵁瀹夎�呭拰閰嶇疆鍚戝�煎畬鎴愮殑銆傚弬瑙�2.3.5.14鑺傦紝鈥渕y.ini鏂囦欢鐨勪綅缃�鈥�銆�

鍦�Unix涓�锛�MySQL绋嬪簭浠庝笅闈㈢殑鏂囦欢璇诲彇鍚�鍔ㄩ�夐」锛�

鏂囦欢鍚�	鐩�鐨�
/etc/my.cnf	鍏ㄥ眬閫夐」
$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf	鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ浉鍏抽�夐」
defaults-extra-file	鐢�--defaults-extra-file=path鎸囧畾鐨勬枃浠讹紝濡傛灉鏈�
~/.my.cnf	鐢ㄦ埛鐩稿叧閫夐」

MYSQL_HOME鏄�涓�涓�鐜�澧冨彉閲忥紝鍖呭惈鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ浉鍏崇殑my.cnf鏂囦欢椹荤暀鐨勭洰褰曡矾寰勩��

濡傛灉鏈�璁剧疆MYSQL_HOME锛屽苟涓�DATADIR涓�鏈変竴涓�my.cnf鏂囦欢锛�BASEDIR涓�娌℃湁my.cnf鏂囦欢锛�mysqld_safe灏�MYSQL_HOME璁剧疆涓�DATADIR銆傚惁鍒欙紝濡傛灉鏈�璁剧疆MYSQL_HOME骞朵笖鍦�DATADIR涓�娌℃湁my.cnf锛屽垯mysqld_safe灏�MYSQL_HOME璁剧疆涓�BASEDIR銆�

鍏稿瀷鎯呭喌浜岃繘鍒跺畨瑁呯殑鐩�褰曚负/usr/local/mysql/data鎴栨簮浠ｇ爜瀹夎�呯殑鐩�褰曚负/usr/local/var銆傝�锋敞鎰忚繖鏄�閰嶇疆鏃舵寚瀹氱殑鏁版嵁鐩�褰曠殑浣嶇疆锛岃�屼笉鏄� mysqld鍚�鍔ㄦ椂鐢�--datadir鎸囧畾鐨勩�傝繍琛屾椂浣跨敤--datadir瀵瑰�绘壘閫夐」鏂囦欢鐨勬湇鍔″櫒娌℃湁鏁堟灉锛屽洜涓烘湇鍔″櫒鍦ㄥ�勭悊鍛戒护琛屽弬閲忎箣鍓嶅�绘壘杩欎簺閫夐」銆�

MySQL鎸夌収涓婅堪椤哄簭瀵绘壘閫夐」鏂囦欢锛屽苟璇诲瓨鍦ㄧ殑閫夐」鏂囦欢銆傚�傛灉浣犳兂瑕佷娇鐢ㄧ殑鏌愪釜閫夐」鏂囦欢涓嶅瓨鍦�锛屽垯鐢ㄦ槑鏂囨枃鏈�缂栬緫鍣ㄥ垱寤恒�傚�傛灉瀛樺湪澶氫釜閫夐」鏂囦欢锛屾枃浠朵腑鎸囧畾鐨勫悗璇诲彇鐨勯�夐」瑕佷紭鍏堟枃浠朵腑鎸囧畾鐨勫厛璇诲彇鐨勯�夐」銆�

娉ㄩ噴锛�鍦�Unix骞冲彴涓婏紝MySQL蹇界暐浜轰汉鍙�鍐欑殑閰嶇疆鏂囦欢銆傝繖鏄�鏁呮剰鐨勶紝鏄�涓�涓�瀹夊叏鎺�鏂姐��

浠讳綍鍙�浠ュ湪杩愯��MySQL绋嬪簭鏃跺湪鍛戒护琛岀粰鍑虹殑闀块�夐」涔熷彲浠ュ湪閫夐」鏂囦欢涓�缁欏嚭銆傝�佹兂鍒楀嚭绋嬪簭鐨勯�傜敤閫夐」锛岀敤--help閫夐」杩愯�岀▼搴忋��

鍦ㄩ�夐」鏂囦欢涓�鎸囧畾閫夐」鐨勮��娉曠被浼间簬鍛戒护琛岃��娉曪紝渚嬪�栫殑鏄�瑕佸拷鐣ユ帀涓や釜鐮存姌鍙枫�備緥濡傦紝鍛戒护琛屼腑鐨�--quick鎴�--host=localhost鍦ㄩ�夐」鏂囦欢涓�搴旀寚瀹氫负quick鎴�host=localhost銆傝�佹兂鍦ㄩ�夐」鏂囦欢涓�鎸囧畾--loose-opt_name褰㈠紡鐨勯�夐」锛屽簲鍐欎负loose-opt_name銆�

閫夐」鏂囦欢涓�鐨勭┖琛岃��蹇界暐鎺夈�傞潪绌鸿�屽彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄤ笅闈�浠讳綍褰㈠紡锛�

路         #娉ㄩ噴锛�锛�娉ㄩ噴

娉ㄩ噴琛屼互鈥�#鈥欐垨鈥�锛�鈥欏紑澶淬�傗��#鈥欐敞閲婁篃鍙�浠ヤ粠琛岀殑涓�閮ㄥ紑濮嬨��

路         [group]

group鏄�浣犳兂瑕佽�剧疆閫夐」鐨勭▼搴忓悕鎴栫粍鍚嶃�傚湪缁勮�屽悗闈�锛屼换浣�opt_name鎴�set-variable琛岄�傜敤浜庣粍鍚嶏紝鐩村埌閫夐」鏂囦欢缁撳熬鎴栫粰鍑哄叾瀹冪粍琛屻��

路         opt_name

绛変环浜庡懡浠よ�屼腑鐨�--opt_name銆�

路         opt_name=value

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!include /home/me/myopt.cnf

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!includedir /home/mydir

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[mysqld]

!include /home/mydir/myopt.cnf

鍦ㄨ繖绉嶆儏鍐典笅锛屽彧涓鸿�ユ湇鍔″櫒澶勭悊鏂囦欢myopt.cnf锛屽苟涓�!include鎸囦护灏嗚��瀹㈡埛搴旂敤绋嬪簭蹇界暐銆傜劧鑰岋紝濡傛灉浣犱娇鐢ㄤ笅闈㈢殑閮ㄥ垎锛�

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!includedir /home/mydir/my-dump-option

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濡傛灉浣犳兂瑕佸垱寤哄彧鐢变竴涓�鍏蜂綋mysqld鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ彂甯冪郴鍒楄�诲彇鐨勯�夐」缁勶紝閫夐」缁勫彲浠ョ敤[mysqld-5.0]銆�[mysqld-5.1]绛夊悕绉般�備笅闈㈢殑缁勮〃绀�--new閫夐」鍙�鑳界敤浜�5.1.x 鐗堟湰鐨�MySQL鏈嶅姟鍣�锛�

[mysqld-5.1]

new

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[client]

port=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

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port=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

key_buffer_size=16M

max_allowed_packet=8M

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quick

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[client]

# The following password will be sent to all standard MySQL clients

password="my_password"

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

connect_timeout=2

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interactive-timeout

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娉ㄩ噴锛�鍦�Windows涓�锛屽彲浠ヤ笉鏄剧ず.cnf閫夐」鏂囦欢鐨勬墿灞曞悕銆�

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路         --defaults-file=path_name

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路         --defaults-extra-file=path_name

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--port=3306

--socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

--no-auto-rehash

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鍏跺畠鍑犱釜MySQL璇�瑷�鎺ュ彛鍩轰簬C瀹㈡埛搴擄紝瀹冧滑涓�鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎鎻愪緵浜嗚�块棶閫夐」鏂囦欢鐨勪竴绉嶆柟寮忋�傚寘鎷�Perl鍜�Python銆傚叧浜庢帴鍙ｇ殑璇︾粏淇℃伅鍙傝�佺浉鍏虫枃妗ｃ��

瑕佹兂鐢ㄧ幆澧冨彉閲忔寚瀹氶�夐」锛屼娇鐢ㄩ�傜敤娉ㄩ噴澶勭悊鍣ㄧ殑璇�娉曟潵璁剧疆鍙橀噺銆備緥濡傦紝鍦�Windows鎴�NetWare涓�锛屽彲浠ヨ�剧疆USER鍙橀噺鏉ユ寚瀹�MySQL璐︽埛鍚嶃�傝�佹兂瀹炵幇锛屼娇鐢ㄨ��娉曪細

SET USER=your_name

鍦�Unix涓�鐨勮��娉曞彇鍐充簬浣犵殑澶栧３銆傚亣瀹氫綘鎯宠�佷娇鐢�MYSQL_TCP_PORT鍙橀噺鎸囧畾TCP/IP绔�鍙ｅ彿銆傚吀鍨嬬殑璇�娉曚负(渚嬪��sh銆�bash銆�zsh绛夌瓑)锛�

MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

export MYSQL_TCP_PORT

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csh鍜�tcsh鏈夌被浼肩殑闂�棰樸�傝繍琛岃繖浜涘�栧３鏃讹紝浣跨敤setenv浣垮�栧３鍙橀噺閫傜敤鐜�澧冿細

setenv MYSQL_TCP_PORT 3306

鍙�浠ュ湪鍛戒护鎻愮ず绗︿笅鎵ц�岃�剧疆鐜�澧冨彉閲忕殑鍛戒护锛屼互渚跨珛鍗崇敓鏁堛�傝繖浜涜�惧畾鍊兼寔缁�鍒颁綘娉ㄩ攢銆傝�佸悜璁╄繖浜涜�惧畾鍊煎湪浣犳瘡娆＄櫥褰曟椂鐢熸晥锛屽皢鐩稿簲鍛戒护鏀惧叆姣忔�″惎鍔ㄦ椂鍛戒护瑙ｉ噴绗︽墍璇荤殑鍚�鍔ㄦ枃浠朵腑銆傚湪Windows涓�鍏稿瀷鍚�鍔ㄦ枃浠朵负AUTOEXEC.BAT锛�bash涓�.bash_profile锛屾垨鑰�tcsh涓�.tcshrc銆傚叧浜庡懡浠よВ閲婄�︾殑鍏蜂綋缁嗚妭璇锋煡闃呮枃妗ｃ��

闄勫綍F锛�鐜�澧冨彉閲� 浜嗗垪鍑哄奖鍝�MySQL绋嬪簭鎿嶄綔鐨勬墍鏈夌幆澧冨彉閲忋��

璁稿��MySQL绋嬪簭鏈変竴浜涘唴閮ㄥ彉閲忓彲浠ュ湪杩愯�屾椂璁剧疆銆傜▼搴忓彉閲忕殑璁剧疆涓庡甫鏈夊�肩殑鍏跺畠闀块�夐」鐩稿悓銆備緥濡傦紝mysql鏈変竴涓�max_allowed_packet鍙橀噺锛屽彲浠ユ帶鍒跺叾閫氫俊缂撳啿鍖虹殑鏈�澶ч暱搴︺�傝�佹兂涓�mysql灏�max_allowed_packet鍙橀噺鐨勫�艰�剧疆涓�16MB锛屼娇鐢ㄤ笅闈㈢殑浠讳綍涓�涓�鍛戒护锛�

shell> mysql --max_allowed_packet=16777216

shell> mysql --max_allowed_packet=16M

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鍦ㄩ�夐」鏂囦欢涓�锛屽彉閲忚�惧畾鍊兼病鏈夊紩瀵肩牬鎶樺彿锛�

[mysql]

max_allowed_packet=16777216

鎴栵細

[mysql]

max_allowed_packet=16M

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