Java(TM) 2 Platform, Standard Edition, v1.2.2 API Specification: Interface Map - JDK 5 Documentation v1.2.2, Java 2 SDK 英文文档

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java.util
Interface Map

All Known Subinterfaces:: SortedMap

All Known Implementing Classes:: AbstractMap, HashMap, Hashtable, RenderingHints, WeakHashMap, Attributes

public interface Map

An object that maps keys to values. A map cannot contain duplicate keys; each key can map to at most one value.

This interface takes the place of the Dictionary class, which was a totally abstract class rather than an interface.

The Map interface provides three collection views, which allow a map's contents to be viewed as a set of keys, collection of values, or set of key-value mappings. The order of a map is defined as the order in which the iterators on the map's collection views return their elements. Some map implementations, like the TreeMap class, make specific guarantees as to their order; others, like the HashMap class, do not.

Note: great care must be exercised if mutable objects are used as map keys. The behavior of a map is not specified if the value of an object is changed in a manner that affects equals comparisons while the object is a key in the map. A special case of this prohibition is that it is not permissible for a map to contain itself as a key. While it is permissible for a map to contain itself as a value, extreme caution is advised: the equals and hashCode methods are no longer well defined on a such a map.

All general-purpose map implementation classes should provide two "standard" constructors: a void (no arguments) constructor which creates an empty map, and a constructor with a single argument of type Map, which creates a new map with the same key-value mappings as its argument. In effect, the latter constructor allows the user to copy any map, producing an equivalent map of the desired class. There is no way to enforce this recommendation (as interfaces cannot contain constructors) but all of the general-purpose map implementations in the JDK comply.

Since:: JDK1.2
See Also:: HashMap, TreeMap, Hashtable, SortedMap, Collection, Set

Inner Class Summary

static interface Map.Entry
          A map entry (key-value pair).

Method Summary

void clear()
          Removes all mappings from this map (optional operation).

boolean containsKey(Object key)
          Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.

boolean containsValue(Object value)
          Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.

Set entrySet()
          Returns a set view of the mappings contained in this map.

boolean equals(Object o)
          Compares the specified object with this map for equality.

Object get(Object key)
          Returns the value to which this map maps the specified key.

int hashCode()
          Returns the hash code value for this map.

boolean isEmpty()
          Returns true if this map contains no key-value mappings.

Set keySet()
          Returns a set view of the keys contained in this map.

Object put(Object key, Object value)
          Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map (optional operation).

void putAll(Map t)
          Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map (optional operation).

Object remove(Object key)
          Removes the mapping for this key from this map if present (optional operation).

int size()
          Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.

Collection values()
          Returns a collection view of the values contained in this map.

Method Detail

size

public int size()

Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map. If the map contains more than Integer.MAX_VALUE elements, returns Integer.MAX_VALUE.

Returns:: the number of key-value mappings in this map.

isEmpty

public boolean isEmpty()

Returns true if this map contains no key-value mappings.

Returns:: true if this map contains no key-value mappings.

containsKey

public boolean containsKey(Object key)

Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.

Parameters:: key - key whose presence in this map is to be tested.
Returns:: true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
Throws:: ClassCastException - if the key is of an inappropriate type for this map.; NullPointerException - if the key is null and this map does not not permit null keys.

containsValue

public boolean containsValue(Object value)

Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value. More formally, returns true if and only if this map contains at least one mapping to a value v such that (value==null ? v==null : value.equals(v)). This operation will probably require time linear in the map size for most implementations of the Map interface.

Parameters:: value - value whose presence in this map is to be tested.
Returns:: true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.

get

public Object get(Object key)

Returns the value to which this map maps the specified key. Returns null if the map contains no mapping for this key. A return value of null does not necessarily indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also possible that the map explicitly maps the key to null. The containsKey operation may be used to distinguish these two cases.

Parameters:: key - key whose associated value is to be returned.
Returns:: the value to which this map maps the specified key, or null if the map contains no mapping for this key.
Throws:: ClassCastException - if the key is of an inappropriate type for this map.; NullPointerException - key is null and this map does not not permit null keys.
See Also:: containsKey(Object)

put

public Object put(Object key,
                  Object value)

Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map (optional operation). If the map previously contained a mapping for this key, the old value is replaced.

Parameters:: key - key with which the specified value is to be associated.; value - value to be associated with the specified key.
Returns:: previous value associated with specified key, or null if there was no mapping for key. A null return can also indicate that the map previously associated null with the specified key, if the implementation supports null values.
Throws:: UnsupportedOperationException - if the put operation is not supported by this map.; ClassCastException - if the class of the specified key or value prevents it from being stored in this map.; IllegalArgumentException - if some aspect of this key or value prevents it from being stored in this map.; NullPointerException - this map does not permit null keys or values, and the specified key or value is null.

remove

public Object remove(Object key)

Removes the mapping for this key from this map if present (optional operation).

Parameters:: key - key whose mapping is to be removed from the map.
Returns:: previous value associated with specified key, or null if there was no mapping for key. A null return can also indicate that the map previously associated null with the specified key, if the implementation supports null values.
Throws:: UnsupportedOperationException - if the remove method is not supported by this map.

putAll

public void putAll(Map t)

Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map (optional operation). These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for any of the keys currently in the specified map.

Parameters:: t - Mappings to be stored in this map.
Throws:: UnsupportedOperationException - if the putAll method is not supported by this map.; ClassCastException - if the class of a key or value in the specified map prevents it from being stored in this map.; IllegalArgumentException - some aspect of a key or value in the specified map prevents it from being stored in this map.; NullPointerException - this map does not permit null keys or values, and the specified key or value is null.

clear

public void clear()

Removes all mappings from this map (optional operation).

Throws:: UnsupportedOperationException - clear is not supported by this map.

keySet

public Set keySet()

Returns a set view of the keys contained in this map. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress, the results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, Set.remove, removeAll retainAll, and clear operations. It does not support the add or addAll operations.

Returns:: a set view of the keys contained in this map.

values

public Collection values()

Returns a collection view of the values contained in this map. The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress, the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, Collection.remove, removeAll, retainAll and clear operations. It does not support the add or addAll operations.

Returns:: a collection view of the values contained in this map.

entrySet

public Set entrySet()

Returns a set view of the mappings contained in this map. Each element in the returned set is a Map.Entry. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress, the results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, Set.remove, removeAll, retainAll and clear operations. It does not support the add or addAll operations.

Returns:: a set view of the mappings contained in this map.

equals

public boolean equals(Object o)

Compares the specified object with this map for equality. Returns true if the given object is also a map and the two Maps represent the same mappings. More formally, two maps t1 and t2 represent the same mappings if t1.entrySet().equals(t2.entrySet()). This ensures that the equals method works properly across different implementations of the Map interface.

Overrides:: equals in class Object

Parameters:: o - object to be compared for equality with this map.
Returns:: true if the specified object is equal to this map.

hashCode

public int hashCode()

Returns the hash code value for this map. The hash code of a map is defined to be the sum of the hashCodes of each entry in the map's entrySet view. This ensures that t1.equals(t2) implies that t1.hashCode()==t2.hashCode() for any two maps t1 and t2, as required by the general contract of Object.hashCode.

Overrides:: hashCode in class Object

Returns:: the hash code value for this map.
See Also:: Map.Entry.hashCode(), Object.hashCode(), Object.equals(Object), equals(Object)