Chapter 2. Getting started with Seam, using seam-gen - JBoss Seam 1.2.1 正式版英文参考手册

Make sure you have JDK 5 or JDK 6, JBoss AS 4.0.5 and Ant 1.6, along with recent versions of Eclipse, the JBoss IDE plugin for Eclipse and the TestNG plugin for Eclipse correctly installed before starting. Add your JBoss installation to the JBoss Server View in Eclipse. Start JBoss in debug mode. Finally, start a command prompt in the directory where you unzipped the Seam distribution.

JBoss has sophisticated support for hot re-deployment of WARs and EARs. Unfortunately, due to bugs in the JVM, repeated redeployment of an EAR—which is common during development—eventually causes the JVM to run out of perm gen space. For this reason, we recommend running JBoss in a JVM with a large perm gen space at development time. If you're running JBoss from JBoss IDE, you can configure this in the server launch configuration, under "VM arguments". We suggest the following values:

-Xms512m -Xmx1024m -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=512

If you don't have so much memory available, the following is our minimum recommendation:

-Xms256m -Xmx512m -XX:PermSize=128m -XX:MaxPermSize=256

If you're running JBoss from the commandline, you can configure the JVM options in bin/run.conf.

If you don't want to bother with this stuff now, you don't have to—come back to it later, when you get your first OutOfMemoryException.

The first thing we need to do is configure seam-gen for your environment: JBoss AS installation directory, Eclipse workspace, and database connection. It's easy, just type:

cd jboss-seam-1.1.x
seam setup

And you will be prompted for the needed information:

C:\Projects\jboss-seam>seam setup
Buildfile: C:\Projects\jboss-seam\seam-gen\build.xml

setup:
    [echo] Welcome to seam-gen :-)
    [input] Enter your Java project workspace [C:/Projects]

    [input] Enter your JBoss home directory [C:/Program Files/jboss-4.0.5.GA]

    [input] Enter the project name [myproject]
helloworld
    [input] Is this project deployed as an EAR (with EJB components) or a WAR (with no EJB support) [ear] (ear,war,)

    [input] Enter the Java package name for your session beans [com.mydomain.helloworld]
org.jboss.helloworld
    [input] Enter the Java package name for your entity beans [org.jboss.helloworld]

    [input] Enter the Java package name for your test cases [org.jboss.helloworld.test]

    [input] What kind of database are you using? [hsql] (hsql,mysql,oracle,postgres,mssql,db2,sybase,)
mysql
    [input] Enter the Hibernate dialect for your database [org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect]

    [input] Enter the filesystem path to the JDBC driver jar [lib/hsqldb.jar]
../../mysql-connector.jar
    [input] Enter JDBC driver class for your database [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver]

    [input] Enter the JDBC URL for your database [jdbc:mysql:///test]

    [input] Enter database username [sa]
gavin
    [input] Enter database password []

    [input] Are you working with tables that already exist in the database? [n] (y,n,)
y
    [input] Do you want to drop and recreate the database tables and data in import.sql each time you deploy? [n] (y,n,)
n
[propertyfile] Creating new property file: C:\Projects\jboss-seam\seam-gen\build.properties
     [echo] Installing JDBC driver jar to JBoss server
     [echo] Type 'seam new-project' to create the new project

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 minute 17 seconds
C:\Projects\jboss-seam>

The tool provides sensible defaults, which you can accept by just pressing enter at the prompt.

The most important choice you need to make is between EAR deployment and WAR deployment of your project. EAR projects support EJB 3.0 and require Java EE 5. WAR projects do not support EJB 3.0, but may be deployed to a J2EE environment. The packaging of a WAR is also simpler to understand. If you installed JBoss with the ejb3 profile, choose ear. Otherwise, choose war. We'll assume that you've chosen an EAR deployment for the rest of the tutorial, but you can follow exactly the same steps for a WAR deployment.

If you are working with an existing data model, make sure you tell seam-gen that the tables already exist in the database.

The settings are stored in seam-gen/build.properties, but you can also modify them simply by running seam setup a second time.

Now we can create a new project in our Eclipse workspace directory, by typing:

seam new-project

C:\Projects\jboss-seam>seam new-project
Buildfile: C:\Projects\jboss-seam\seam-gen\build.xml

validate-workspace:

validate-project:

copy-lib:
     [echo] Copying project jars ...
     [copy] Copying 32 files to C:\Projects\helloworld\lib
     [copy] Copying 9 files to C:\Projects\helloworld\embedded-ejb

file-copy-wtp:

file-copy:
     [echo] Copying project resources ...
     [copy] Copying 12 files to C:\Projects\helloworld\resources
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\helloworld\resources
     [copy] Copying 5 files to C:\Projects\helloworld\view
     [copy] Copying 5 files to C:\Projects\helloworld
    [mkdir] Created dir: C:\Projects\helloworld\src

new-project:
     [echo] A new Seam project named 'helloworld' was created in the /Users/gavin/Documents/workspace directory
     [echo] Type 'seam explode' and go to http://localhost:8080/helloworld
     [echo] Eclipse Users: Add the project into Eclipse using File > New > Project and select General > Project (not Java Project)
     [echo] NetBeans Users: Open the project in NetBeans

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 7 seconds
C:\Projects\jboss-seam>

This copies the Seam jars, dependent jars and the JDBC driver jar to a new Eclipse project, and generates all needed resources and configuration files, a facelets template file and stylesheet, along with Eclipse metadata and an Ant build script. The Eclipse project will be automatically deployed to an exploded directory structure in JBoss AS as soon as you add the project using New -> Project... -> General -> Project -> Next, typing the Project name (helloworld in this case), and then clicking Finish. Do not select Java Project from the New Project wizard.

If your default JDK in Eclipse is not a Java SE 5 or Java SE 6 JDK, you will need to select a Java SE 5 compliant JDK using Project -> Properties -> Java Compiler.

Alternatively, you can deploy the project from outside Eclipse by typing seam explode.

Go to http://localhost:8080/helloworld to see a welcome page. This is a facelets page, view/home.xhtml, using the template view/layout/template.xhtml. You can edit this page, or the template, in eclipse, and see the results immediately, by clicking refresh in your browser.

Don't get scared by the XML configuration documents that were generated into the project directory. They are mostly standard Java EE stuff, the stuff you need to create once and then never look at again, and they are 90% the same between all Seam projects. (They are so easy to write that even seam-gen can do it.)

The generated project includes three database and persistence configurations. The jboss-beans.xml, persistence-test.xml and import-test.sql files are used when running the TestNG unit tests against HSQLDB. The database schema and the test data in import-test.sql is always exported to the database before running tests. The myproject-dev-ds.xml, persistence-dev.xmland import-dev.sql files are for use when deploying the application to your development database. The schema might be exported automatically at deployment, depending upon whether you told seam-gen that you are working with an existing database. The myproject-prod-ds.xml, persistence-prod.xmland import-prod.sql files are for use when deploying the application to your production database. The schema is not exported automatically at deployment.

If you're used to traditional action-style web frameworks, you're probably wondering how you can create a simple webpage with a stateless action method in Java. If you type:

seam new-action

Seam will prompt for some information, and generate a new facelets page and Seam component for your project.

C:\Projects\jboss-seam>seam new-action ping
Buildfile: C:\Projects\jboss-seam\seam-gen\build.xml

validate-workspace:

validate-project:

action-input:
    [input] Enter the Seam component name
ping
    [input] Enter the local interface name [Ping]

    [input] Enter the bean class name [PingBean]

    [input] Enter the action method name [ping]

    [input] Enter the page name [ping]


setup-filters:

new-action:
     [echo] Creating a new stateless session bean component with an action method
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\src\com\hello
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\src\com\hello
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\src\com\hello\test
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\src\com\hello\test
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\view
     [echo] Type 'seam restart' and go to http://localhost:8080/helloworld/ping.seam

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 13 seconds
C:\Projects\jboss-seam>

Because we've added a new Seam component, we need to restart the exploded directory deployment. You can do this by typing seam restart, or by running the restart target in the generated project build.xml file from inside Eclipse. Another way to force a restart is to edit the file resources/META-INF/application.xml in Eclipse. Note that you do not need to restart JBoss each time you change the application.

Now go to http://localhost:8080/helloworld/ping.seam and click the button. You can see the code behind this action by looking in the project src directory. Put a breakpoint in the ping() method, and click the button again.

Finally, locate the PingTest.xml file in the test package and run the integration tests using the TestNG plugin for Eclipse. Alternatively, run the tests using seam test or the test target of the generated build.

The next step is to create a form. Type:

seam new-form

C:\Projects\jboss-seam>seam new-form
Buildfile: C:\Projects\jboss-seam\seam-gen\build.xml

validate-workspace:

validate-project:

action-input:
    [input] Enter the Seam component name
hello
    [input] Enter the local interface name [Hello]

    [input] Enter the bean class name [HelloBean]

    [input] Enter the action method name [hello]

    [input] Enter the page name [hello]


setup-filters:

new-form:
     [echo] Creating a new stateful session bean component with an action method
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\src\com\hello
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\src\com\hello
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\src\com\hello\test
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\view
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Projects\hello\src\com\hello\test
     [echo] Type 'seam restart' and go to http://localhost:8080/hello/hello.seam

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 5 seconds
C:\Projects\jboss-seam>

Restart the application again, and go to http://localhost:8080/helloworld/hello.seam. Then take a look at the generated code. Run the test. Try adding some new fields to the form and Seam component (remember to restart the deploment each time you change the Java code).

Manually create some tables in your database. (If you need to switch to a different database, just run seam setup again.) Now type:

seam generate-entities

Restart the deployment, and go to http://localhost:8080/helloworld. You can browse the database, edit existing objects, and create new objects. If you look at the generated code, you'll probably be amazed how simple it is! Seam was designed so that data access code is easy to write by hand, even for people who don't want to cheat by using seam-gen.

Finally, we want to be able to deploy the application using standard Java EE 5 packaging. First, we need to remove the exploded directory by running seam unexplode. To deploy the EAR, we can type seam deploy at the command prompt, or run the deploy target of the generated project build script. You can undeploy using seam undeploy or the undeploy target.

By default, the application will be deployed with the dev profile. The EAR will include the persistence-dev.xml and import-dev.sql files, and the myproject-dev-ds.xml file will be deployed. You can change the profile, and use the prod profile, by typing

seam -Dprofile=prod deploy

You can even define new deployment profiles for your application. Just add appropriately named files to your project—for example, persistence-staging.xml, import-staging.sql and myproject-staging-ds.xml—and select the name of the profile using -Dprofile=staging.

When you deploy your Seam application as an exploded directory, you'll get some support for incremental hot deployment at development time. You need to enable debug mode in both Seam and Facelets, by adding this line to components.xml:

<core:init debug="true"/>

Now, the following files may be redeployed without requiring a full restart of the web application:

But if we want to change any Java code, we still need to do a full restart of the application. (In JBoss this may be accomplished by touching the toplevel deployment descriptor: application.xml for an EAR deployment, or web.xml for a WAR deployment.)

But if you really want a fast edit/compile/test cycle, Seam supports incremental redeployment of JavaBean components. To make use of this functionality, you must deploy the JavaBean components into the WEB-INF/dev directory, so that they will be loaded by a special Seam classloader, instead of by the WAR or EAR classloader.

You need to be aware of the following limitations:

If you create a WAR project using seam-gen, incremental hot deployment is available out of the box for classes in the src/action source directory. However, seam-gen does not support incremental hot deployment for EAR projects.