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JDK 5 Documentation v1.1.8, Java 2 SDK 英文文档
Class java.util.Calendar - JDK 5 Documentation v1.1.8, Java 2 SDK 英文文档
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Class java.util.Calendar
java.lang.Object
|
+----java.util.Calendar
- public abstract class Calendar
- extends Object
- implements Serializable, Cloneable
Calendar
is an abstract base class for converting between
a
Date
object and a set of integer fields such as
YEAR
,
MONTH
,
DAY
,
HOUR
,
and so on. (A
Date
object represents a specific instant in
time with millisecond precision. See
java.util.Date
for information about the
Date
class.)
Subclasses of Calendar
interpret a Date
according to the rules of a specific calendar system. The JDK
provides one concrete subclass of Calendar
:
GregorianCalendar
. Future subclasses could represent
the various types of lunar calendars in use in many parts of the world.
Like other locale-sensitive classes, Calendar
provides a
class method, getInstance
, for getting a generally useful
object of this type. Calendar
's getInstance
method
returns a GregorianCalendar
object whose
time fields have been initialized with the current date and time:
Calendar rightNow = Calendar.getInstance();
A Calendar
object can produce all the time field values
needed to implement the date-time formatting for a particular language
and calendar style (for example, Japanese-Gregorian, Japanese-Traditional).
When computing a Date
from time fields, two special circumstances
may arise: there may be insufficient information to compute the
Date
(such as only year and month but no day in the month),
or there may be inconsistent information (such as "Tuesday, July 15, 1996"
-- July 15, 1996 is actually a Monday).
Insufficient information. The calendar will use default
information to specify the missing fields. This may vary by calendar; for
the Gregorian calendar, the default for a field is the same as that of the
start of the epoch: i.e., YEAR = 1970, MONTH = JANUARY, DATE = 1, etc.
Inconsistent information. If fields conflict, the calendar
will give preference to fields set more recently. For example, when
determining the day, the calendar will look for one of the following
combinations of fields. The most recent combination, as determined by the
most recently set single field, will be used.
MONTH + DAY_OF_MONTH
MONTH + WEEK_OF_MONTH + DAY_OF_WEEK
MONTH + DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH + DAY_OF_WEEK
DAY_OF_YEAR
DAY_OF_WEEK + WEEK_OF_YEAR
For the time of day:
HOUR_OF_DAY
AM_PM + HOUR
Note: for some non-Gregorian calendars, different
fields may be necessary for complete disambiguation. For example, a full
specification of the historial Arabic astronomical calendar requires year,
month, day-of-month and day-of-week in some cases.
Note: There are certain possible ambiguities in
interpretation of certain singular times, which are resolved in the
following ways:
- 24:00:00 "belongs" to the following day. That is,
23:59 on Dec 31, 1969 < 24:00 on Jan 1, 1970 < 24:01:00 on Jan 1, 1970
- Although historically not precise, midnight also belongs to "am",
and noon belongs to "pm", so on the same day,
12:00 am (midnight) < 12:01 am, and 12:00 pm (noon) < 12:01 pm
The date or time format strings are not part of the definition of a
calendar, as those must be modifiable or overridable by the user at
runtime. Use java.text.DateFormat
to format dates.
Calendar
provides an API for field "rolling", where fields
can be incremented or decremented, but wrap around. For example, rolling the
month up in the date "September 12, 1996" results in "October 12, 1996".
Calendar
also provides a date arithmetic function for
adding the specified (signed) amount of time to a particular time field.
For example, subtracting 5 days from the date "September 12, 1996" results
in "September 7, 1996".
- See Also:
- Date, GregorianCalendar, TimeZone, DateFormat
-
AM
- Useful constant for hour in 12-hour clock.
-
AM_PM
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
APRIL
- Useful constant for month.
-
areFieldsSet
- True if the fields are in sync with the currently set time of this Calendar.
-
AUGUST
- Useful constant for month.
-
DATE
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
DAY_OF_MONTH
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
DAY_OF_WEEK
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
DAY_OF_YEAR
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
DECEMBER
- Useful constant for month.
-
DST_OFFSET
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
ERA
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
FEBRUARY
- Useful constant for month.
-
FIELD_COUNT
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
fields
- The time fields containing values into which the millis is computed.
-
FRIDAY
- Useful constant for days of week.
-
HOUR
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
HOUR_OF_DAY
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
isSet
- The flags which tell if a specified time field for the calendar is set.
-
isTimeSet
- The flag which indicates if the current time is set for the calendar.
-
JANUARY
- Useful constant for month.
-
JULY
- Useful constant for month.
-
JUNE
- Useful constant for month.
-
MARCH
- Useful constant for month.
-
MAY
- Useful constant for month.
-
MILLISECOND
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
MINUTE
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
MONDAY
- Useful constant for days of week.
-
MONTH
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
NOVEMBER
- Useful constant for month.
-
OCTOBER
- Useful constant for month.
-
PM
- Useful constant for hour in 12-hour clock.
-
SATURDAY
- Useful constant for days of week.
-
SECOND
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
SEPTEMBER
- Useful constant for month.
-
SUNDAY
- Useful constant for days of week.
-
THURSDAY
- Useful constant for days of week.
-
time
- The current time set for the calendar.
-
TUESDAY
- Useful constant for days of week.
-
UNDECIMBER
- Useful constant for month.
-
WEDNESDAY
- Useful constant for days of week.
-
WEEK_OF_MONTH
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
WEEK_OF_YEAR
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
YEAR
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
ZONE_OFFSET
- Useful constant for date and time.
-
Calendar()
- Constructs a Calendar with the default time zone as returned
by TimeZone.getDefault(), and the default locale.
-
Calendar(TimeZone, Locale)
- Constructs a Calendar with the given time zone and locale.
-
add(int, int)
- Date Arithmetic function.
-
after(Object)
- Compares the time field records.
-
before(Object)
- Compares the time field records.
-
clear()
- Clears the values of all the time fields.
-
clear(int)
- Clears the value in the given time field.
-
clone()
- Overrides Cloneable
-
complete()
- Fills in any unset fields in the time field list.
-
computeFields()
- Converts UTC as milliseconds to time field values.
-
computeTime()
- Converts Calendar's time field values to UTC as milliseconds.
-
equals(Object)
- Compares this calendar to the specified object.
-
get(int)
- Gets the value for a given time field.
-
getAvailableLocales()
- Gets the set of locales for which Calendars are installed.
-
getFirstDayOfWeek()
- Gets what the first day of the week is; e.g., Sunday in US,
Monday in France.
-
getGreatestMinimum(int)
- Gets the highest minimum value for the given field if varies.
-
getInstance()
- Gets a Calendar using the default timezone and locale.
-
getInstance(Locale)
- Gets a Calendar using the default timezone and given locale.
-
getInstance(TimeZone)
- Gets a Calendar using the given timezone and default locale.
-
getInstance(TimeZone, Locale)
- Gets a Calendar using the given timezone and given locale.
-
getLeastMaximum(int)
- Gets the lowest maximum value for the given field if varies.
-
getMaximum(int)
- Gets the maximum value for the given time field.
-
getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()
- Gets what the minimal days required in the first week of the year are;
e.g., if the first week is defined as one that contains the first day
of the first month of a year, getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek returns 1.
-
getMinimum(int)
- Gets the minimum value for the given time field.
-
getTime()
- Gets this Calendar's current time.
-
getTimeInMillis()
- Gets this Calendar's current time as a long.
-
getTimeZone()
- Gets the time zone.
-
internalGet(int)
- Gets the value for a given time field.
-
isLenient()
- Tell whether date/time interpretation is to be lenient.
-
isSet(int)
- Determines if the given time field has a value set.
-
roll(int, boolean)
- Time Field Rolling function.
-
set(int, int)
- Sets the time field with the given value.
-
set(int, int, int)
- Sets the values for the fields year, month, and date.
-
set(int, int, int, int, int)
- Sets the values for the fields year, month, date, hour, and minute.
-
set(int, int, int, int, int, int)
- Sets the values for the fields year, month, date, hour, minute, and second.
-
setFirstDayOfWeek(int)
- Sets what the first day of the week is; e.g., Sunday in US,
Monday in France.
-
setLenient(boolean)
- Specify whether or not date/time interpretation is to be lenient.
-
setMinimalDaysInFirstWeek(int)
- Sets what the minimal days required in the first week of the year are;
For example, if the first week is defined as one that contains the first
day of the first month of a year, call the method with value 1.
-
setTime(Date)
- Sets this Calendar's current time with the given Date.
-
setTimeInMillis(long)
- Sets this Calendar's current time from the given long value.
-
setTimeZone(TimeZone)
- Sets the time zone with the given time zone value.
-
toString()
- Return a string representation of this calendar.
ERA
public static final int ERA
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
ERA is calendar specific.
YEAR
public static final int YEAR
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
MONTH
public static final int MONTH
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
WEEK_OF_YEAR
public static final int WEEK_OF_YEAR
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
WEEK_OF_MONTH
public static final int WEEK_OF_MONTH
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
DATE
public static final int DATE
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
This is a synonym for DAY_OF_MONTH.
DAY_OF_MONTH
public static final int DAY_OF_MONTH
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
This is a synonym for DATE.
DAY_OF_YEAR
public static final int DAY_OF_YEAR
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
DAY_OF_WEEK
public static final int DAY_OF_WEEK
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH
public static final int DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
AM_PM
public static final int AM_PM
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
HOUR
public static final int HOUR
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
HOUR is used for the 12-hour clock.
HOUR_OF_DAY
public static final int HOUR_OF_DAY
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
HOUR_OF_DAY is used for the 24-hour clock.
MINUTE
public static final int MINUTE
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
SECOND
public static final int SECOND
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
MILLISECOND
public static final int MILLISECOND
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
ZONE_OFFSET
public static final int ZONE_OFFSET
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
DST_OFFSET
public static final int DST_OFFSET
- Useful constant for date and time. Used in time fields.
FIELD_COUNT
public static final int FIELD_COUNT
- Useful constant for date and time.
FIELD_COUNT is used for the time field array creation.
SUNDAY
public static final int SUNDAY
- Useful constant for days of week. Used in GregorianCalendar.
MONDAY
public static final int MONDAY
- Useful constant for days of week. Used in GregorianCalendar.
TUESDAY
public static final int TUESDAY
- Useful constant for days of week. Used in GregorianCalendar.
WEDNESDAY
public static final int WEDNESDAY
- Useful constant for days of week. Used in GregorianCalendar.
THURSDAY
public static final int THURSDAY
- Useful constant for days of week. Used in GregorianCalendar.
FRIDAY
public static final int FRIDAY
- Useful constant for days of week. Used in GregorianCalendar.
SATURDAY
public static final int SATURDAY
- Useful constant for days of week. Used in GregorianCalendar.
JANUARY
public static final int JANUARY
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
Note: Calendar month is now 0-based.
FEBRUARY
public static final int FEBRUARY
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
MARCH
public static final int MARCH
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
APRIL
public static final int APRIL
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
MAY
public static final int MAY
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
JUNE
public static final int JUNE
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
JULY
public static final int JULY
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
AUGUST
public static final int AUGUST
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
SEPTEMBER
public static final int SEPTEMBER
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
OCTOBER
public static final int OCTOBER
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
NOVEMBER
public static final int NOVEMBER
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
DECEMBER
public static final int DECEMBER
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
UNDECIMBER
public static final int UNDECIMBER
- Useful constant for month. Used in GregorianCalendar.
UNDECIMBER is an artifical name. This 13th month is for lunar
calendars.
AM
public static final int AM
- Useful constant for hour in 12-hour clock. Used in GregorianCalendar.
PM
public static final int PM
- Useful constant for hour in 12-hour clock. Used in GregorianCalendar.
fields
protected int fields[]
- The time fields containing values into which the millis is computed.
isSet
protected boolean isSet[]
- The flags which tell if a specified time field for the calendar is set.
A new object has no fields set. After the first call to a method
which generates the fields, they all remain set after that.
time
protected long time
- The current time set for the calendar.
isTimeSet
protected boolean isTimeSet
- The flag which indicates if the current time is set for the calendar.
The time is made invalid by the user setting an individual field.
areFieldsSet
protected boolean areFieldsSet
- True if the fields are in sync with the currently set time of this Calendar.
If false, then the next attempt to get the value of a field will
force a recomputation of all fields from the current value of the time
field.
This should really be named areFieldsInSync, but the old name is retained
for backward compatibility.
Calendar
protected Calendar()
- Constructs a Calendar with the default time zone as returned
by TimeZone.getDefault(), and the default locale.
- See Also:
- getDefault
Calendar
protected Calendar(TimeZone zone,
Locale aLocale)
- Constructs a Calendar with the given time zone and locale.
- Parameters:
- zone - the given time zone.
getInstance
public static synchronized Calendar getInstance()
- Gets a Calendar using the default timezone and locale.
- Returns:
- a Calendar.
getInstance
public static synchronized Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone)
- Gets a Calendar using the given timezone and default locale.
- Parameters:
- zone - the given timezone.
- Returns:
- a Calendar.
getInstance
public static synchronized Calendar getInstance(Locale aLocale)
- Gets a Calendar using the default timezone and given locale.
- Parameters:
- aLocale - the given locale.
- Returns:
- a Calendar.
getInstance
public static synchronized Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone,
Locale aLocale)
- Gets a Calendar using the given timezone and given locale.
- Parameters:
- zone - the given timezone.
- aLocale - the given locale.
- Returns:
- a Calendar.
getAvailableLocales
public static synchronized Locale[] getAvailableLocales()
- Gets the set of locales for which Calendars are installed.
- Returns:
- the set of locales for which Calendars are installed.
computeTime
protected abstract void computeTime()
- Converts Calendar's time field values to UTC as milliseconds.
computeFields
protected abstract void computeFields()
- Converts UTC as milliseconds to time field values.
This allows you to sync up the time field values with
a new time that is set for the calendar. The time is not
recomputed first; to recompute the time, then the fields, call the
complete
method.
- See Also:
- complete
getTime
public final Date getTime()
- Gets this Calendar's current time.
- Returns:
- the current time.
setTime
public final void setTime(Date date)
- Sets this Calendar's current time with the given Date.
- Parameters:
- date - the given Date.
getTimeInMillis
protected long getTimeInMillis()
- Gets this Calendar's current time as a long.
- Returns:
- the current time as UTC milliseconds from the epoch.
setTimeInMillis
protected void setTimeInMillis(long millis)
- Sets this Calendar's current time from the given long value.
- Parameters:
- date - the new time in UTC milliseconds from the epoch.
get
public final int get(int field)
- Gets the value for a given time field.
- Parameters:
- field - the given time field.
- Returns:
- the value for the given time field.
internalGet
protected final int internalGet(int field)
- Gets the value for a given time field. This is an internal
fast time field value getter for the subclasses.
- Parameters:
- field - the given time field.
- Returns:
- the value for the given time field.
set
public final void set(int field,
int value)
- Sets the time field with the given value.
- Parameters:
- field - the given time field.
- value - the value to be set for the given time field.
set
public final void set(int year,
int month,
int date)
- Sets the values for the fields year, month, and date.
Previous values of other fields are retained. If this is not desired,
call
clear
first.
- Parameters:
- year - the value used to set the YEAR time field.
- month - the value used to set the MONTH time field.
Month value is 0-based. e.g., 0 for January.
- date - the value used to set the DATE time field.
set
public final void set(int year,
int month,
int date,
int hour,
int minute)
- Sets the values for the fields year, month, date, hour, and minute.
Previous values of other fields are retained. If this is not desired,
call
clear
first.
- Parameters:
- year - the value used to set the YEAR time field.
- month - the value used to set the MONTH time field.
Month value is 0-based. e.g., 0 for January.
- date - the value used to set the DATE time field.
- hour - the value used to set the HOUR_OF_DAY time field.
- minute - the value used to set the MINUTE time field.
set
public final void set(int year,
int month,
int date,
int hour,
int minute,
int second)
- Sets the values for the fields year, month, date, hour, minute, and second.
Previous values of other fields are retained. If this is not desired,
call
clear
first.
- Parameters:
- year - the value used to set the YEAR time field.
- month - the value used to set the MONTH time field.
Month value is 0-based. e.g., 0 for January.
- date - the value used to set the DATE time field.
- hour - the value used to set the HOUR_OF_DAY time field.
- minute - the value used to set the MINUTE time field.
- second - the value used to set the SECOND time field.
clear
public final void clear()
- Clears the values of all the time fields.
clear
public final void clear(int field)
- Clears the value in the given time field.
- Parameters:
- field - the time field to be cleared.
isSet
public final boolean isSet(int field)
- Determines if the given time field has a value set.
- Returns:
- true if the given time field has a value set; false otherwise.
complete
protected void complete()
- Fills in any unset fields in the time field list.
equals
public abstract boolean equals(Object obj)
- Compares this calendar to the specified object.
The result is
true
if and only if the argument is
not null
and is a Calendar
object that
represents the same calendar as this object.
- Parameters:
- obj - the object to compare with.
- Returns:
-
true
if the objects are the same;
false
otherwise.
- Overrides:
- equals in class Object
before
public abstract boolean before(Object when)
- Compares the time field records.
Equivalent to comparing result of conversion to UTC.
- Parameters:
- when - the Calendar to be compared with this Calendar.
- Returns:
- true if the current time of this Calendar is before
the time of Calendar when; false otherwise.
after
public abstract boolean after(Object when)
- Compares the time field records.
Equivalent to comparing result of conversion to UTC.
- Parameters:
- when - the Calendar to be compared with this Calendar.
- Returns:
- true if the current time of this Calendar is after
the time of Calendar when; false otherwise.
add
public abstract void add(int field,
int amount)
- Date Arithmetic function.
Adds the specified (signed) amount of time to the given time field,
based on the calendar's rules. For example, to subtract 5 days from
the current time of the calendar, you can achieve it by calling:
add(Calendar.DATE, -5).
- Parameters:
- field - the time field.
- amount - the amount of date or time to be added to the field.
roll
public abstract void roll(int field,
boolean up)
- Time Field Rolling function.
Rolls (up/down) a single unit of time on the given time field. For
example, to roll the current date up by one day, you can achieve it
by calling:
roll(Calendar.DATE, true).
When rolling on the year or Calendar.YEAR field, it will roll the year
value in the range between 1 and the value returned by calling
getMaximum(Calendar.YEAR).
When rolling on the month or Calendar.MONTH field, other fields like
date might conflict and, need to be changed. For instance,
rolling the month on the date 01/31/96 will result in 03/02/96.
When rolling on the hour-in-day or Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY field, it will
roll the hour value in the range between 0 and 23, which is zero-based.
- Parameters:
- field - the time field.
- up - indicates if the value of the specified time field is to be
rolled up or rolled down. Use true if rolling up, false otherwise.
setTimeZone
public void setTimeZone(TimeZone value)
- Sets the time zone with the given time zone value.
- Parameters:
- value - the given time zone.
getTimeZone
public TimeZone getTimeZone()
- Gets the time zone.
- Returns:
- the time zone object associated with this calendar.
setLenient
public void setLenient(boolean lenient)
- Specify whether or not date/time interpretation is to be lenient. With
lenient interpretation, a date such as "February 942, 1996" will be
treated as being equivalent to the 941st day after February 1, 1996.
With strict interpretation, such dates will cause an exception to be
thrown.
- See Also:
- setLenient
isLenient
public boolean isLenient()
- Tell whether date/time interpretation is to be lenient.
setFirstDayOfWeek
public void setFirstDayOfWeek(int value)
- Sets what the first day of the week is; e.g., Sunday in US,
Monday in France.
- Parameters:
- value - the given first day of the week.
getFirstDayOfWeek
public int getFirstDayOfWeek()
- Gets what the first day of the week is; e.g., Sunday in US,
Monday in France.
- Returns:
- the first day of the week.
setMinimalDaysInFirstWeek
public void setMinimalDaysInFirstWeek(int value)
- Sets what the minimal days required in the first week of the year are;
For example, if the first week is defined as one that contains the first
day of the first month of a year, call the method with value 1. If it
must be a full week, use value 7.
- Parameters:
- value - the given minimal days required in the first week
of the year.
getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek
public int getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()
- Gets what the minimal days required in the first week of the year are;
e.g., if the first week is defined as one that contains the first day
of the first month of a year, getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek returns 1. If
the minimal days required must be a full week, getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek
returns 7.
- Returns:
- the minimal days required in the first week of the year.
getMinimum
public abstract int getMinimum(int field)
- Gets the minimum value for the given time field.
e.g., for Gregorian DAY_OF_MONTH, 1.
- Parameters:
- field - the given time field.
- Returns:
- the minimum value for the given time field.
getMaximum
public abstract int getMaximum(int field)
- Gets the maximum value for the given time field.
e.g. for Gregorian DAY_OF_MONTH, 31.
- Parameters:
- field - the given time field.
- Returns:
- the maximum value for the given time field.
getGreatestMinimum
public abstract int getGreatestMinimum(int field)
- Gets the highest minimum value for the given field if varies.
Otherwise same as getMinimum(). For Gregorian, no difference.
- Parameters:
- field - the given time field.
- Returns:
- the highest minimum value for the given time field.
getLeastMaximum
public abstract int getLeastMaximum(int field)
- Gets the lowest maximum value for the given field if varies.
Otherwise same as getMaximum(). e.g., for Gregorian DAY_OF_MONTH, 28.
- Parameters:
- field - the given time field.
- Returns:
- the lowest maximum value for the given time field.
clone
public Object clone()
- Overrides Cloneable
- Overrides:
- clone in class Object
toString
public String toString()
- Return a string representation of this calendar.
- Returns:
- a string representation of this calendar.
- Overrides:
- toString in class Object
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