The SortedMap Interface - Java Tutorial 5.0 英文版

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Trail: Collections
Lesson: Interfaces

The SortedMap Interface

A SortedMap is a Map that maintains its entries in ascending order, sorted according to the keys' natural order, or according to a Comparator provided at the time of the SortedMap creation. Natural order and Comparators are discussed in the Object Ordering section. The Map interface provides operations for normal Map operations and for the following:

Range view — performs arbitrary range operations on the sorted map
Endpoints — returns the first or the last key in the sorted map
Comparator access — returns the Comparator, if any, used to sort the map
The following interface is the Map analog of SortedSet.
public interface SortedMap<K, V> extends Map<K, V>{
    Comparator<? super K>comparator();
    SortedMap<K, V> subMap(K fromKey, K toKey);
    SortedMap<K, V> headMap(K toKey);
    SortedMap<K, V> tailMap(K fromKey);
    K firstKey();
    K lastKey();
}

Map Operations

The operations SortedMap inherits from Map behave identically on sorted maps and normal maps with two exceptions:

The Iterator returned by the iterator operation on any of the sorted map's Collection views traverse the collections in order.
The arrays returned by the Collection views' toArray operations contain the keys, values, or entries in order.
Although it isn't guaranteed by the interface, the toString method of the Collection views in all the Java platform's SortedMap implementations returns a string containing all the elements of the view, in order.

Standard Constructors

By convention, all general-purpose Map implementations provide a standard conversion constructor that takes a Map; SortedMap implementations are no exception. In TreeMap, this constructor creates an instance that orders its entries according to their keys' natural order. This was probably a mistake. It would have been better to check dynamically to see whether the specified Map instance was a SortedMap, and if so, to sort the new map according to the same criterion (comparator or natural ordering). Because TreeMap took the approach it did, it also provides a constructor that takes a SortedMap and returns a new TreeMap containing the same mappings as the given SortedMap, sorted according to the same criterion. Note that it is the compile-time type of the argument, not its runtime type, that determines whether the SortedMap constructor is invoked in preference to the ordinary map constructor.
SortedMap implementations also provide, by convention, a constructor that takes a Comparator and returns an empty map sorted according to the specified Comparator. If null is passed to this constructor, it returns a Set that sorts its mappings according to their keys' natural order.

Comparison to SortedSet

Because this interface is a precise map analog of SortedSet, all the idioms and code examples in The SortedSet Interface section apply to SortedMap with only trivial modifications.

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